本文選題：表面活性劑 + 吸附等溫線　； 參考：《西南石油大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文采用電導率法、表面張力法測定十六烷基三甲基溴化銨(CTAB)、十二烷基苯磺酸鈉(SDBS)、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(TX-100)、3-磺丙基十四烷基二甲基甜菜堿等四種表面活性劑的CMC值,通過靜態(tài)吸附法研究四種表面活性劑在砂巖上的吸附規(guī)律和吸附機理。分別采用了四種吸附等溫線模型(Langmuir、Freundlich、Temkin和linear吸附等溫線)和四種吸附動力學模型(擬一級、擬二級、粒內(nèi)擴散和Elovich動力學吸附模型)來擬合實驗所得數(shù)據(jù),篩選出表面活性劑在砂巖上吸附的最佳等溫模型及動力學模型。通過大量的實驗探索和數(shù)據(jù)分析,得出以下結論:(1)XRD分析表明砂巖的主要成分是Si02,是一類有強烈?guī)ж撾娢轿坏奈絼?且由77.49%的伊蒙混層黏土和22.51%的石英組成,SEM分析表明砂巖表面比較粗糙,且存在大量的空隙,孔徑大小在幾微米到十幾微米;通過電導率法測得 CTAB 的 CMC 值為9.5 76×10-4mol/L,SDBS 的 CMC 值為 1.72×1O-3mol/L,表面張力法測得TX-100的CMC值為1.73×10-4 mol/L,Betaine型兩性離子表面活性劑的CMC值為2.93×10-4mol/L。表面活性劑的CMC值:非離子表面活性劑TX-100Betaine型兩性離子表面活性劑陽離子離子表面活性劑CTAB陰離子表面活性劑SDBS。(2)表面活性劑不同,在砂巖上的吸附情況存在差異,其對應的平衡吸附量也不同,吸附平衡時間也不盡相同。實驗研究表明SDBS在砂巖上吸附達到平衡的時間是72 h,另外三種表面活性劑在砂巖上吸附達到平衡的時間均是48 h;平衡吸附量:Betain型兩性離子表面活性劑在砂巖上的平衡吸附量陽離子離子表面活性劑CTAB的平衡吸附量非離子表面活性劑TX-100的平衡吸附量陰離子表面活性劑SDBS在砂巖上的平衡吸附量。(3)不同的吸附劑,吸附等溫線模型不同,四種表面活性劑在砂巖表面的吸附均符合Freundlich吸附等溫線模型,同時也說明了砂巖表面的異質(zhì)性;擬二級反應動力學模型可以更好的描述四種表面活性劑在砂巖表面的吸附過程,其線性相關系數(shù)R20.99,為驅(qū)油過程中,表面活性劑的選擇提供指導。(4)表面活性劑不同,在砂巖上的吸附作用機理不盡相同。CTAB在砂巖表面上發(fā)生吸附的主要作用力是靜電力與疏水作用;SDBS在砂巖表面上發(fā)生吸附的主要作用力的是π電子極化作用與疏水作用;TX-100在砂巖表面上發(fā)生吸附的主要作用力的是色散力、氫鍵與疏水作用;Betaine型兩性離子表面活性劑在砂巖表面上發(fā)生吸附的主要作用力的是靜電力�？傊�,表面活性劑在砂巖上的吸附是非常復雜的,表面活性劑結構種類的不同是引起吸附行為差異的根本原因。
[Abstract]:The CMC values of four surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, poly (ethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether) TX-100 and 3-sulfopropyl tetradecyl dimethyl betaine, were determined by the method of electrical conductivity and surface tension.The adsorption law and mechanism of four surfactants on sandstone were studied by static adsorption method.The best isothermal model and kinetic model for adsorption of surfactants on sandstone were selected.Through a lot of experiments and data analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: the main composition of sandstone is Si02, which is a kind of adsorbent with strong negative electrically adsorbed potential.SEM analysis of 77.49% of the mixed layer clay and 22.51% of quartz shows that the sandstone surface is rough and has a large number of voids with pore sizes ranging from several microns to more than ten microns.The CMC value of CTAB is 9.576 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L ~ (-1) mol / L, the CMC value of TX-100 is 1.72 脳 1O-3 mol / L, and the CMC value of TX-100 is 1.73 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L ~ (-1). The CMC value of amphoteric surfactant is 2.93 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol 路L ~ (-1).CMC value of surfactants: Nonionic surfactants, TX-100Betaine amphoteric ionic surfactants, cationic ionic surfactants, CTAB anionic surfactants, CTAB anionic surfactants, have different adsorption conditions on sandstone.The corresponding equilibrium adsorption capacity is different, and the adsorption equilibrium time is also different.The experimental results show that the equilibrium time of SDBS adsorption on sandstone is 72 h, and that of the other three surfactants on sandstone is 48 h.Equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cationic Ion Surfactant CTAB the equilibrium adsorption of Nonionic Surfactant TX-100 Anionic Surfactant SDBS on SandstoneThe adsorption isotherm model is different, and the adsorption of four surfactants on sandstone surface accords with Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, which also shows the heterogeneity of sandstone surface.The pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic model can better describe the adsorption process of four surfactants on sandstone surface. The linear correlation coefficient R20.99 provides guidance for the selection of surfactants in the process of oil displacement.The adsorption mechanism on sandstone is different. The main force of CTAB adsorption on sandstone surface is electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction. The main force of SDBS adsorption on sandstone surface is 蟺 electron polarization and hydrophobicity.The main force of adsorption on sandstone surface is dispersion force.Hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction Betaine type amphoteric surfactant adsorbs on sandstone surface mainly by electrostatic force.In a word, the adsorption of surfactants on sandstone is very complicated, and the difference of surfactant structure is the root cause of the difference of adsorption behavior.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE39

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