本文選題：無游梁抽油機　切入點：實心柱塞泵　出處：《燕山大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：有桿抽油系統(tǒng)是國內(nèi)外油田開采中應用最廣泛的舉升方式,目前游梁式抽油機和常規(guī)空心柱塞泵是抽油機井主要的地面和地下配套設備。隨著油田開采進入中后期,產(chǎn)液量5t/d以下低產(chǎn)油井以及2t/d以下的超低井數(shù)量急劇增加,對于游梁式抽油機,沖次普遍在4min-1以上,即使將沖次降到最低也無法滿足開采低產(chǎn)油井的需要;而常規(guī)空心柱塞泵的泵徑普遍較大,排量偏大,導致大部分低產(chǎn)油井存在著泵效低、系統(tǒng)效率低、供采嚴重不平衡的問題,由此造成設備和能源的極大浪費。針對現(xiàn)有配套設備的不足,近年來研制了多種低沖次抽油機和小泵徑抽油泵,但均存在著成本高、可靠性差能耗高的問題,因此研究新型節(jié)能低產(chǎn)油井配套設備具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本論文的研究內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾個方面:(1)研發(fā)設計了無游梁式抽油系統(tǒng),其中應用膠帶和滑輪作為抽油機的傳動部件,擺線針輪減速器作為抽油機的減速裝置,大小天輪作為抽油機的增程機構,設計了新型無游梁式抽油機,具有沖次低、結構簡單、成本低、傳動效率高的優(yōu)點;通過改變抽油泵的油流通道設計了新型實心柱塞抽油泵,可實現(xiàn)將抽油泵的泵徑做的很小;(2)建立新型無游梁式抽油機懸點運動規(guī)律(位移、速度、加速度)、抽油桿柱縱向振動、減速箱輸出扭矩和電動機輸入輸出功率的仿真模型、無游梁式抽油系統(tǒng)泵效及系統(tǒng)效率仿真模型及抽汲參數(shù)優(yōu)選模型,為抽油機動態(tài)參數(shù)仿真與機構優(yōu)化提供了理論依據(jù);(3)利用機械優(yōu)化設計理論,以上沖程最大扭矩因數(shù)最小為目標函數(shù),綜合考慮各種約束,建立抽油機機構尺寸優(yōu)化設計的數(shù)學模型;以均方根扭矩最小為目標函數(shù),建立平衡重滯后角優(yōu)化模型;(4)利用Visual Basic 6.0開發(fā)《無游梁式抽油機動態(tài)參數(shù)仿真軟件》,對無游梁式抽油機和實心柱塞泵整體進行仿真,并對新型無游梁式抽油系統(tǒng)動力性能參數(shù)和泵效、系統(tǒng)效率進行分析評價,最后應用該軟件對低產(chǎn)油井抽汲參數(shù)進行優(yōu)選。
[Abstract]:Rod pumping system is the most widely used lifting method in oil field production at home and abroad. At present, beam pumping units and conventional hollow piston pumps are the main surface and underground auxiliary equipment of pumping unit wells.As the oil field enters the middle and late stage of production, the number of low-yield wells under 5t/d and ultra-low wells under 2t/d increases dramatically. For beam pumping units, the impact times are generally above 4min-1.The pump diameter of the conventional hollow piston pump is generally larger and the displacement is larger than that of the conventional hollow piston pump, which results in low pump efficiency and low system efficiency in most of the low-yield wells.The problem of serious imbalance in supply and production has resulted in a great waste of equipment and energy.In recent years, many kinds of low impact pumping units and small diameter pumping pumps have been developed in view of the deficiency of existing supporting equipment, but they all have the problems of high cost and high energy consumption with poor reliability.Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the new energy-saving and low-yield oil well supporting equipment.The research content of this paper mainly includes the following several aspects: 1) Research and design of no-beam pumping system, in which belt and pulley are used as driving parts of pumping unit, cycloidal needle wheel reducer is used as deceleration device of pumping unit.As the extended range mechanism of pumping unit, a new type of beamless pumping unit is designed, which has the advantages of low impact, simple structure, low cost, high transmission efficiency, and a new solid plunger pumping pump is designed by changing the oil flow channel of the pumping unit.A simulation model of suspension motion (displacement, velocity, acceleration, longitudinal vibration of sucker rod string, output torque of reducer and input and output power of motor) can be established by making the pump diameter of the pumping pump very small (2 / 2) (displacement, velocity, acceleration, longitudinal vibration of sucker rod, output torque of reducer and input and output power of motor).The simulation model of pump efficiency and system efficiency and the optimal selection model of swabbing parameters provide a theoretical basis for dynamic parameter simulation and mechanism optimization of pumping unit.The minimum maximum torque factor of the stroke is the objective function, and the mathematical model of the optimization design of the pumping unit mechanism is established by taking all kinds of constraints into account, and the minimum RMS torque is taken as the objective function, the minimum torque of the pumping unit is taken as the objective function.The optimization model of balance weight lag angle is established. The simulation software of dynamic parameters of beam free pumping unit is developed by using Visual Basic 6.0 to simulate the whole system of beam free pumping unit and solid piston pump.The dynamic performance parameters, pump efficiency and system efficiency of a new type of no-beam pumping system are analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the swabbing parameters of low-yield oil wells are optimized by using the software.
【學位授予單位】：燕山大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE933.1

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