本文選題：常減壓裝置　切入點：腐蝕分析　出處：《北京化工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著中國原油對外依存度的逐年提高,進口的劣質(zhì)油常常給中國的煉油企業(yè)帶來嚴重的腐蝕問題。本文從如今煉油企業(yè)嚴峻的腐蝕安全問題出發(fā),以實際腐蝕事故為例,闡述了對典型常減壓置的腐蝕進行分析和控制,研究腐蝕控制手冊的必要性和意義。本文主要工作如下：1、闡述了腐蝕控制手冊基本概念,從實際角度出發(fā)說明了其與基于風險的檢測、操作完整性平臺之間的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別,研究了腐蝕控制手冊的基本建立流程包括建立材質(zhì)選擇圖、選擇損傷機理、確定臨界可靠性變量和制作作業(yè)指導書等4個步驟；2、以遼陽石化550萬噸／年常減壓裝置為案例,分析了本裝置的基本概況、工藝原理、原油成分和“三頂”冷凝系統(tǒng)冷凝水進行了化學分析,利用AutoCAD等軟件,繪制了電脫鹽部分、初餾部分、常壓部分、減壓部分和減頂部分等5張材質(zhì)選擇圖,劃分了14個材質(zhì)流程,提出了各類型常減壓裝置的選材規(guī)則和本裝置材質(zhì)升級辦法和防腐涂層防腐措施；3、在材質(zhì)選擇圖基礎(chǔ)上,繪制了5張腐蝕流程圖,找到并詳細分析了H2S+HCI+H2O腐蝕、高溫硫化腐蝕、濕硫化氫腐蝕、保溫層下腐蝕、沖蝕、冷卻水腐蝕等6種損傷機理,分析了各損傷機理的影響因素、重點設備和相關(guān)的防護措施；4、確定了各損傷機理的臨界可靠變量,建立了完整的腐蝕控制手冊,并對腐蝕控制手冊數(shù)據(jù)庫進行模擬構(gòu)架。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of China's crude oil dependence year by year, the import of inferior oil often brings serious corrosion problems to Chinese oil refineries.Starting from the severe corrosion safety problems in oil refining enterprises today and taking actual corrosion accidents as an example, this paper expounds the analysis and control of typical atmospheric and vacuum corrosion, and the necessity and significance of studying corrosion control manual.The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The basic concept of corrosion control manual is expounded, and the relationship and difference between corrosion control manual and risk-based detection, operational integrity platform are explained from the practical point of view.The basic establishment flow of corrosion control manual is studied, which includes establishing material selection diagram, selecting damage mechanism, determining critical reliability variable and making operation instruction. Taking Liaoyang Petrochemical Company 5.5 million t / a atmospheric and vacuum unit as an example.The basic situation, process principle, crude oil composition and condensate water of "Sanding" condensing system were analyzed. The electric desalination part, primary distillation part and atmospheric pressure part were drawn by using AutoCAD and other software.In this paper, five material selection charts, such as decompression part and top reducing part, are divided into 14 material flow charts, and the material selection rules of each type of atmospheric and vacuum equipment and the material upgrading method and anticorrosive coating measures of the device are put forward. Based on the material selection diagram,Five corrosion flowcharts are drawn, and six damage mechanisms, such as H 2S HCI H 2O corrosion, high temperature vulcanization corrosion, wet hydrogen sulfide corrosion, under insulation layer corrosion, erosion and cooling water corrosion, are found and analyzed in detail, and the influencing factors of each damage mechanism are analyzed.The critical reliability variables of each damage mechanism are determined, the complete corrosion control manual is established, and the database of corrosion control manual is simulated.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE986

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本文編號：1703607