本文選題：PDC鉆頭　切入點：切削齒　出處：《西南石油大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國油氣鉆探向著深井和復雜地層油氣藏的進發(fā),日趨復雜的井下工況和地層難鉆性等都為鉆井工具帶來了極大困難和考驗。目前PDC鉆頭在實際鉆井作業(yè)中存在崩齒、斷齒等現(xiàn)象,從而導致鉆頭失效的問題。切削齒是PDC鉆頭的基本切削單元,其結構性能直接影響鉆井效率和PDC鉆頭的使用壽命。 本文運用仿生學原理開展新型仿生PDC切削齒的結構設計,通過系統(tǒng)、細致的對土壤動物螻蛄的爪趾、穿山甲的鱗片結構進行分析研究,將其中蘊含的生物學原理運用到新型仿生PDC切削齒結構的設計中,設計出了一種具有分層破巖,減振防損的齒形。新型仿生PDC切削齒異于傳統(tǒng)切削齒的破巖機理,改變了破巖方式,使得新型仿生PDC切削齒易于吃入地層,齒的階梯結構更有利于巖石的剝離。再者,借助有限元分析手段,對新型仿生PDC切削齒與常規(guī)切削齒進行單齒和全鉆頭的仿真模擬對比分析,結果表明,新型仿生PDC切削齒的性能明顯優(yōu)于常規(guī)切削齒。同時開展了相關的單齒破巖試驗研究。論文主要取得的成果： (1)基于螻蛄爪趾形態(tài)仿生和穿山甲鱗片結構仿生,設計了一種新型仿生PDC切削齒。相對于傳統(tǒng)的切削齒,仿生PDC切削齒改進了破巖方式和改善了受力狀態(tài)。 (2)借助經(jīng)典彈性力學和Hertz接觸理論對常規(guī)圓柱齒與巖石的接觸力學行為進行簡單的描述,推導了它們的接觸壓力分布及接觸參數(shù)計算式,并推廣至仿生齒的接觸計算中。 (3)不同切削齒破巖的仿真模擬對比研究表明,仿生齒的諸多關鍵性指標都優(yōu)于常規(guī)圓柱切削齒。在相同鉆井參數(shù)和工況下,仿生PDC鉆頭最大破巖扭矩約降低了33.3%,巖石能量侵入率提高62.5%,充分說明了仿生齒結構設計的正確性,同時佐證了運用仿生學原理進行切削齒仿生設計的可行性。 (4)開展了不同切削齒的單齒破巖實驗研究,實驗結果表明：在相同吃深、切削速度及外部條件下,仿生齒的切削力為常規(guī)圓柱齒的50.94%。
[Abstract]:With the development of oil and gas drilling towards deep wells and complex reservoirs in China, the increasingly complex downhole conditions and formation difficult to drill have brought great difficulties and tests for drilling tools.At present, PDC bit in the actual drilling operation, such as tooth collapse, broken teeth, resulting in the failure of the bit.Cutting tooth is the basic cutting unit of PDC bit. Its structure and performance directly affect drilling efficiency and service life of PDC bit.In this paper, the structure design of the new bionic PDC cutting teeth is carried out by using the bionic principle. The structure of the claw toe and pangolin scale of the soil animal mole cricket mole cricket is analyzed and studied through the system.Applying the biological principle to the design of a new bionic PDC cutting tooth structure, a tooth profile with layered rock breaking and vibration reduction and loss prevention is designed.The new bionic PDC cutting teeth are different from the traditional cutting teeth in rock breaking mechanism, which changes the rock breaking mode, makes the new bionic PDC cutting teeth easy to eat into the strata, and the ladder structure of the teeth is more favorable for the peeling of rocks.Furthermore, by means of finite element analysis, the performance of the new bionic PDC cutting tooth is obviously superior to that of the conventional cutting tooth, which is compared with that of the single tooth and the full bit. The results show that the performance of the new bionic PDC cutting tooth is obviously superior to that of the conventional cutting tooth.At the same time, the related experimental study of single tooth rock breaking is carried out.The main achievements of the thesis are as follows:A new bionic PDC cutting tooth was designed based on the bionic morphology of talon toe and the scale structure of pangolin.Compared with the traditional cutting teeth, the bionic PDC cutting teeth improve the rock breaking mode and the stress state.(2) the contact mechanics behavior between conventional cylindrical teeth and rock is simply described by means of classical elastic mechanics and Hertz contact theory, and their contact pressure distribution and contact parameters are derived, which is extended to the contact calculation of bionic teeth.3) the simulation and comparison of different cutting teeth show that many key indexes of bionic teeth are better than those of conventional cylindrical cutting teeth.Under the same drilling parameters and working conditions, the maximum rock breaking torque of bionic PDC bit is reduced about 33.3and the rock energy invasion rate is increased by 62.5, which fully shows the correctness of the bionic tooth structure design.At the same time, the feasibility of bionic design of cutting teeth is proved.The experimental results show that the cutting force of the bionic teeth is 50.94 of the conventional cylindrical teeth under the same cutting depth, cutting speed and external conditions.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE921.1

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