本文選題：加熱爐　切入點：熱效率　出處：《東北石油大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：加熱爐煙氣含氧量的大小是衡量一臺加熱爐燃燒好壞的重要參數(shù)之一,它直接影響到加熱爐效率的高低、能源消耗的多少。加熱爐煙氣含氧量增加,說明進入爐內的過剩空氣多。在排煙中,大量的過�？諝鈱崃繋ё吲湃氪髿�,使加熱爐熱損失增多,熱效率下降。加熱爐燃燒過程中,由于燃料的構成及熱負荷隨季節(jié)的變化較大,加熱爐燃燒所需空氣量也相應發(fā)生變化,進而影響到加熱爐煙氣含氧量及過�？諝庀禂�(shù)的變化,這一變化對對加熱爐排煙熱損失、化學不完全燃燒熱損失和熱效率都有很大的影響。燃燒器燃燒過程中調節(jié)負荷的被控制參量主要是燃氣流量和助燃空氣流量,空氣流量系數(shù)過大,將會引起火焰溫度降低,熱損失增加,并且造成爐膛和加熱管的氧化燒損;空氣流量系數(shù)過小,則會導致燃料不完全燃燒,達不到燃燒的工藝要求,同時煙氣中殘留大量的可燃氣和一氧化碳,不但造成廢氣化學熱損失,浪費能源,還會嚴重污染環(huán)境、腐蝕設備,若煙氣不能及時排除,還存在爆炸的安全隱患。因此,空氣和燃氣在燃燒時的比例控制是整個燃燒過程控制的核心。研究利用監(jiān)測裝置對煙氣中的含氧量進行連續(xù)、準確、穩(wěn)定的測定,并根據(jù)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),在熱負荷變動的動態(tài)過程中利用改造后的燃燒器控制裝置實現(xiàn)對空氣與燃料的動態(tài)配比進行自動調節(jié)和優(yōu)化控制,達到將煙氣中的含氧量控制在最佳范圍內,從而有效提高加熱爐熱效率的目的。論文選擇管道輸油處GS站2#加熱爐進行改造。管道輸油處目前共有管式加熱爐8臺,承擔著為管輸原油加熱的任務。由于A油田原油凝點高,原油輸送站間距較長,加熱爐的輸油生產(chǎn)中起著非常重要的作用。課題在完成前期資料準備、技術論證,相關軟件開發(fā)和相關裝置加工制造工作、現(xiàn)場安裝調試后,在管道輸油處GS站2#加熱爐實施并投入運行,經(jīng)過近半年的運行,改造后的燃燒器及相關監(jiān)測、控制系統(tǒng)運行正常、穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:The oxygen content of flue gas is one of the important parameters to measure the combustion of a heating furnace. It directly affects the efficiency of the furnace, the amount of energy consumption, and the increase of oxygen content in the flue gas of the heating furnace. It shows that there is much excess air entering the furnace. In the exhaust smoke, a large amount of excess air takes the heat away into the atmosphere and causes the heat loss of the furnace to increase and the heat efficiency to decrease. Because the composition of fuel and heat load vary greatly with the season, the amount of air needed for combustion of reheating furnace changes accordingly, which affects the change of oxygen content of flue gas and excess air coefficient of reheating furnace, which will affect the heat loss of exhaust smoke of reheating furnace. The heat loss and thermal efficiency of chemical incomplete combustion are greatly affected. The controlled parameters of the controlled load in the combustion process are mainly the gas flow rate and the combustion air flow rate. If the air flow coefficient is too large, the flame temperature will decrease. Increased heat loss and oxidative burning of furnace and heating tubes; if the air flow coefficient is too small, it will lead to incomplete combustion of fuel, which will not meet the requirements of the combustion process, and at the same time, a large amount of gas and carbon monoxide will remain in the flue gas, It will not only cause chemical heat loss of exhaust gas, waste energy, but also seriously pollute the environment and corrode equipment. If the smoke can not be removed in time, there will be a hidden danger of explosion. The proportional control of air and gas during combustion is the core of the control of the whole combustion process. This paper studies the continuous, accurate and stable determination of oxygen content in flue gas by using the monitoring device, and according to the monitoring data, In the dynamic process of heat load change, the modified burner control device is used to realize the automatic adjustment and optimization control of the dynamic ratio of air to fuel, so that the oxygen content in the flue gas can be controlled within the optimum range. In order to improve the thermal efficiency of heating furnace effectively, the paper chooses GS station of pipeline oil transportation to rebuild heating furnace at 2#. At present, there are 8 tubular reheating furnaces in pipeline oil pipeline. Taking on the task of heating crude oil for pipeline transportation. Due to the high condensing point of crude oil in oilfield A and the long distance between crude oil transportation stations, the heating furnace plays a very important role in oil transportation production. The related software development and the related equipment processing and manufacturing work, the spot installs the debugging, implements and puts into operation in the pipeline oil transportation place GS station 2# heating furnace, after nearly half a year operation, after the revamping burner and the related monitoring, the control system runs normally. Stability.
【學位授予單位】：東北石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE97

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本文編號：1682307