本文選題：抽油泵　切入點(diǎn)：泵效　出處：《東北石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著油田的不斷開采,國(guó)內(nèi)大部分油田進(jìn)入高含水期。為提高原油采收率、增加可采儲(chǔ)量,三元復(fù)合驅(qū)油技術(shù)已成為重要技術(shù)手段之一。由于聚合物、表面活性劑、及堿(NaOH)的注入,三元復(fù)合驅(qū)溶液發(fā)生不同的化學(xué)變化和不同的物理變化,從而導(dǎo)致一些離子結(jié)合后在水中會(huì)形成一些的物質(zhì)。隨著地殼中pH值、壓力、溫度等化學(xué)條件與熱力學(xué)條件的改變而結(jié)晶析出,這些不溶、難溶以及微溶物質(zhì)最終形成了成分極其復(fù)雜的三元復(fù)合驅(qū)垢。結(jié)垢使抽油泵出現(xiàn)流道阻流的現(xiàn)象,抽油泵檢修周期越來(lái)越短,嚴(yán)重影響了油田開發(fā)綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的提高。本文在國(guó)內(nèi)外油井防垢技術(shù)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,從改進(jìn)泵結(jié)構(gòu)方面入手,設(shè)計(jì)新型防垢泵。為油田延長(zhǎng)檢泵周期、降低生產(chǎn)成本、提高生產(chǎn)效率提供依據(jù)。本文主要進(jìn)行以下研究:利用計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)中的FLUENT軟件,建立了井下抽油泵柱塞二維模型,利用動(dòng)網(wǎng)格技術(shù),對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了瞬態(tài)數(shù)值模擬、仿真分析,通過分析得出抽油泵泵效隨著柱塞長(zhǎng)度增加而提高,隨著柱塞與泵筒間隙的增大而降低,相同長(zhǎng)度和間隙等級(jí),泵筒直徑越大泵效越高。針對(duì)原始柱塞泵出現(xiàn)流道阻流、抽油桿振動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象,改進(jìn)后將出油口探出柱塞,大大減小下沖程的阻力。在考慮阻力和強(qiáng)度的情況下,增大出油口寬度,改進(jìn)后的結(jié)構(gòu)通過試驗(yàn),沒有出現(xiàn)阻流現(xiàn)象。為解決柱塞從泵筒中完全拉出,進(jìn)入到直徑更大的短接中抽油桿由于壓力突然變化造成振動(dòng)的問題,將柱塞下端加工成圓錐,從而使柱塞在拔出過程中抽油桿壓差均勻降低。通過對(duì)柱塞運(yùn)動(dòng)過程進(jìn)行仿真分析,得到壓差變化與柱塞尾部錐度尺寸、抽油泵尺寸、抽油泵工況的關(guān)系。從工程實(shí)踐中考慮,為了減小振動(dòng),應(yīng)盡量使柱塞尾部錐度小、長(zhǎng)度大;大直徑的泵、小間隙的泵振動(dòng)更大,應(yīng)采用尺寸更長(zhǎng)、錐度更小的尾椎;速度越大、粘度越小振動(dòng)更大,尾椎長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)更長(zhǎng)、錐度更小。
[Abstract]:With the continuous exploitation of oil fields, most oil fields in China have entered a high water-cut period. In order to improve oil recovery and increase recoverable reserves, ASP flooding technology has become one of the important technical means. With the injection of NaOH), different chemical and physical changes take place in the solution of ASP flooding, which results in the formation of some substances in water after the binding of some ions. The change of chemical and thermodynamic conditions such as temperature resulted in crystallization and precipitation. These insoluble, insoluble and micro-soluble substances eventually formed an extremely complex ternary compound scale displacement, which caused the flow obstruction of the pumping pump to occur. The overhaul period of oil well pump is getting shorter and shorter, which seriously affects the improvement of comprehensive economic benefit of oilfield development. Based on the research of scale prevention technology in oil wells at home and abroad, this paper starts with improving pump structure. A new anti-scaling pump is designed, which provides the basis for prolonging the period of testing pump, reducing production cost and improving production efficiency. The main research in this paper is as follows: using FLUENT software in computational fluid dynamics, a two-dimensional model of plunger for downhole pumping pump is established. The transient numerical simulation and simulation analysis of the model are carried out by using the dynamic grid technology. The results show that the pump efficiency increases with the increase of plunger length, decreases with the increase of plunger and pump cylinder clearance, and is of the same length and clearance grade. The greater the diameter of the pump cylinder, the higher the efficiency of the pump. In view of the flow resistance of the original piston pump and the vibration of the sucker rod, the oil outlet will be detected out of the plunger after the improvement, which greatly reduces the resistance of the lower stroke. Considering the resistance and strength, In order to solve the problem of the plunger being completely pulled out from the pump cylinder and entering the sucker rod with larger diameter, the sucker rod will vibrate because of the sudden change of pressure. The lower end of the plunger is processed into a cone, so that the differential pressure of the sucker rod decreases uniformly during the pull-out process. Through the simulation analysis of the plunger movement process, the variation of the pressure difference, the taper size of the plunger tail and the size of the pump are obtained. Considering from engineering practice, in order to reduce vibration, the tail taper of plunger should be small and the length should be large, the pump with large diameter and small clearance should have bigger vibration, and the tailbone with longer size and smaller taper should be adopted. The greater the speed, the smaller the viscosity and vibration, the longer the length of the tail vertebrae and the smaller the taper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE933.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 左景欒;任韶然;于洪敏;;油田防垢技術(shù)研究與應(yīng)用進(jìn)展[J];石油工程建設(shè);2008年02期

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本文編號(hào)：1679967