本文選題：地層孔隙壓力　切入點(diǎn)：地質(zhì)建模　出處：《長江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：陸地油田經(jīng)歷依靠天然能量開采、注水開采等階段后進(jìn)入油田開發(fā)中后期,為了穩(wěn)定油氣產(chǎn)量和提高原油采收率必須通過鉆調(diào)整井不斷完善開發(fā)井網(wǎng)。已開發(fā)油氣田經(jīng)過若干年的注采勢(shì)必造成儲(chǔ)層壓力衰竭,打破原始?jí)毫ζ胶怏w系,導(dǎo)致調(diào)整井鉆進(jìn)過程遇到壓力虧空區(qū)和憋壓區(qū),易發(fā)生漏、阻、卡、塌、噴等復(fù)雜事故,嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至導(dǎo)致井眼報(bào)廢。因此,準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)調(diào)整井地層孔隙壓力橫縱向壓力分布是安全優(yōu)快鉆井的基本保障。本論文以大港沈家鋪油田G128斷塊為研究對(duì)象,以經(jīng)過15年的注水開采后油水井套損嚴(yán)重致使井網(wǎng)癱瘓,開發(fā)矛盾突出,斷塊穩(wěn)產(chǎn)難度大；為了提高斷塊的開發(fā)水平,通過鉆調(diào)整井完善開發(fā)井網(wǎng)為研究背景。綜合多學(xué)科深入開展已開發(fā)油氣田異常地層壓力預(yù)測(cè)研究,從鉆井、地質(zhì)建模、油藏?cái)?shù)值模擬三方面計(jì)算、分析、模擬出原始地層壓力和衰竭后現(xiàn)今地層壓力,總結(jié)出G128斷塊地層壓力橫縱向分布規(guī)律。其主要研究成果如下：(1)結(jié)合G128斷塊地層巖性特征及初期鉆井資料優(yōu)選出聲波時(shí)差法計(jì)算模型。通過原始探井地層壓力實(shí)測(cè)值反算出區(qū)塊的伊頓指數(shù),再計(jì)算出區(qū)塊有代表性的9口井的原始地層孔隙壓力,并以此繪制了原始地層孔隙壓力橫縱向分布圖；在不考慮壓力傳遞對(duì)蓋層強(qiáng)度參數(shù)影響的情況下,采用Morita的理論計(jì)算衰減后蓋層壓力,同時(shí)繪制現(xiàn)今地層孔隙壓力橫縱向分布圖。經(jīng)分析G128斷層原始地層孔隙壓力在主力開發(fā)層系孔一段棗V以上基本屬于正常壓力體系,當(dāng)量密度在0.95-1.15g/cm3之間；在主要儲(chǔ)層孔一段棗V出現(xiàn)局部異常壓力地層,當(dāng)量密度在1.05-1.25g/cm3之間。經(jīng)過15年的注水開采后,現(xiàn)今儲(chǔ)層地層壓力當(dāng)量密度衰竭至0.96左右；根據(jù)Morita理論計(jì)算蓋層地層孔隙壓力衰減,可得儲(chǔ)層壓力衰減對(duì)垂直距離30m內(nèi)蓋層孔隙壓力衰減影響較為明顯,對(duì)超過垂直距離30m的蓋層由于受到地層巖性、孔隙度、滲透率等因素影響,地層壓力衰減并不明顯。(2)收集整理G128斷塊地質(zhì)構(gòu)造圖件、斷層數(shù)據(jù)、分層數(shù)據(jù)及井位數(shù)據(jù)等建立三維地質(zhì)模型。在油藏孔隙度、滲透率、含油飽和度基本三維屬性模型的基礎(chǔ)上,首次添加原始上覆巖層壓力、原始地層孔隙壓力及衰竭后現(xiàn)今地層孔隙壓力三維屬性模型；通過地質(zhì)模型的剖面分析,G128模型孔隙度和滲透率呈現(xiàn)很好的對(duì)應(yīng)性；受沉積環(huán)境及儲(chǔ)層非均質(zhì)影響,孔一段棗V油組上下兩套油層之間、同一套油層內(nèi)部層間地層孔隙壓力差異大。同時(shí)油層主要分布在儲(chǔ)層的中上部的高孔、高滲小層中。(3)導(dǎo)入G128斷塊J39-49井區(qū)確定性粗模型,結(jié)合生產(chǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)模擬孔一段棗V儲(chǔ)層壓力衰竭。本次數(shù)值模擬中歷史擬合的方法是采用定液量擬合累積產(chǎn)油量的辦法,對(duì)模型加以修整,使之產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)態(tài)與實(shí)際動(dòng)態(tài)基本一致,最終模擬出孔一段棗V地層壓力衰竭曲線圖及立體圖。通過儲(chǔ)層壓力衰竭曲線圖分析可知G128斷塊儲(chǔ)層壓力衰竭1MPa左右,壓力保持情況較好；對(duì)單井立體剖面圖分析可知越靠近油井,儲(chǔ)層壓力衰竭越大。
[Abstract]:Land oil by natural energy exploitation, water flooding stage in the late stage of oilfield development, in order to stabilize oil production and enhance oil recovery by drilling must constantly improve the wells. After several years has been the development of oil and gas injection reservoir pressure will cause failure, break the original pressure balance system, cause the adjustment well drilling process encountered pressure deficit area and pressure, prone to leakage, resistance, card, collapse, spray and other complex accidents, even when serious damage of the well. Therefore, the accurate prediction of formation pore pressure of adjust well the longitudinal pressure distribution is the basic guarantee of safety and fast drilling. In this thesis, Dagang Shen Pu oilfield G128 fault block as the research object, through the water flooding after 15 years of casing failure wells resulting in paralysis, development contradiction, block production; in order to improve the development level of fault block, Through drilling improve wells as the research background. The comprehensive multidisciplinary development has been the development of abnormal formation pressure of oil and gas prediction research, from drilling, geological modeling, simulation, analysis of three aspects of reservoir numerical simulation, the original formation pressure and failure after the present formation pressure, summed up the G128 fault block formation pressure of horizontal and vertical distribution law. The main results are as follows: (1) combined with the G128 fault block lithology and initial drilling data optimized sonic model. Through the original formation pressure wells measured values calculated block Eaton index, and then calculate the original block of 9 representative wells formation pore pressure, and draw the original pore pressure distribution in horizontal and vertical; without considering the pressure transfer to cover strength parameters under the condition of pressure calculation using Morita cover attenuation theory, at the same time Now draw the pore pressure of horizontal and vertical distribution map. By analysis of G128 fault original pore pressure in the main layer series of development in Kongdian Zao V above belong to the normal pressure system, the equivalent density between 0.95-1.15g/cm3; local abnormal formation pressure in the main reservoir of Kongdian Zao V, the equivalent density between 1.05-1.25g/cm3 after injection. After 15 years of mining, the present reservoir formation pressure equivalent density failure to around 0.96; according to the Morita formula cover pore pressure attenuation, reservoir pressure attenuation can be more obvious to the vertical distance from the 30m inner layer pore pressure attenuation effect, to cover more than a vertical distance of 30m due to lithology, porosity, influence the permeability and other factors, the formation pressure attenuation is not obvious. (2) collected G128 fault block geological maps, fault data, hierarchical data and location data to build three Dimensional geological model. The permeability in the reservoir porosity, oil saturation, based on basic 3D attribute model, first add the original overburden pressure, pore pressure and failure after the original current pore pressure three-dimensional property model; through the section of geological model analysis, porosity and permeability of the G128 model showed a good correspondence by; sedimentary environment and reservoir heterogeneity influence between Kongdian Zao V oil group on two sets of oil, the difference of pore pressure with a reservoir internal layer. At the same time high porosity reservoir is mainly distributed in the reservoir in the upper part of the small, hypertonic layer. (3) into the G128 block of deterministic J39-49 wells coarse model, combined with dynamic production data simulation of reservoir pore pressure failure V jujube section. In the historical simulation method fitting numerical adopt fixed cumulative oil production fluid volume fitting method, the model to make the overhaul. Dynamic and actual dynamic generated are basically the same, the final simulation of Kongdian Zao V formation pressure failure curve and three-dimensional map. The reservoir pressure depletion curve analysis of G128 fault block reservoir pressure failure 1MPa, pressure keeping in good condition; the single well cross section analysis that is close to the oil reservoir the greater the pressure depletion layer.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE331

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