本文選題：石油管線(xiàn)　切入點(diǎn)：陰極保護(hù)　出處：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：安全生產(chǎn)關(guān)系著國(guó)家穩(wěn)定發(fā)展、國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)以及職工生命安全,環(huán)境腐蝕與設(shè)備老化問(wèn)題是威脅安全生產(chǎn)的永恒主題。石油管線(xiàn)埋藏地下,腐蝕問(wèn)題更是常年累月,不同地質(zhì)對(duì)其影響千差萬(wàn)別,從而使得防護(hù)檢測(cè)尤為重要。國(guó)家對(duì)石油、石化和化工安全生產(chǎn)逐步重視,現(xiàn)代化的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)與管線(xiàn)的監(jiān)控技術(shù)相結(jié)合已成為安全發(fā)展的必經(jīng)之路。隨著對(duì)陰極保護(hù)系統(tǒng)研究的深入,國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)已形成了共識(shí),通電電位無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià)陰極保護(hù)的真正效果,只有斷電電位才能將其準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià)出來(lái)。我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的采集系統(tǒng)斷電電位的方法,通常是預(yù)先設(shè)置通電與斷電方式,然后由專(zhuān)業(yè)人員沿石油管線(xiàn)進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)電位測(cè)試。這種方法在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中存在很多弊端。主要問(wèn)題在于,一、測(cè)量需要大量的人力物力和時(shí)間;二、測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)存在舞弊的可能;三、數(shù)據(jù)量大,匯總困難。因此這種方法很難實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模、經(jīng)常性的測(cè)量。本文針對(duì)測(cè)量過(guò)程中存在的以上問(wèn)題,提出了一套具有中國(guó)特色的石油管線(xiàn)陰極保護(hù)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng),開(kāi)發(fā)出一套包括客戶(hù)端、服務(wù)器、手機(jī)端以及硬件設(shè)備在內(nèi)的完備的測(cè)量產(chǎn)品,解決了數(shù)據(jù)的保密性與完整性問(wèn)題,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)石油管道的全面監(jiān)控。產(chǎn)品的實(shí)現(xiàn)減少了員工的重復(fù)工作,提高了員工的工作效率,避免了數(shù)據(jù)偽造的可能,做到了數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)一管理,對(duì)于陰極保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)具有十分重要的作用與深刻的意義。文中重點(diǎn)介紹硬件設(shè)備的開(kāi)發(fā)與實(shí)現(xiàn),包括硬件電路和軟件程序部分。為了設(shè)備的廣泛使用,硬件設(shè)備包括斷流控制器、在線(xiàn)測(cè)量?jī)x、人工巡線(xiàn)儀三類(lèi)。其中,斷流控制器的使用,解決了測(cè)試過(guò)程中頻繁拆卸設(shè)備和修改測(cè)試模式帶來(lái)的各種問(wèn)題;在線(xiàn)測(cè)量?jī)x的使用,解決了因環(huán)境惡劣而難以人工完成測(cè)量造成的數(shù)據(jù)缺失偽造等問(wèn)題;人工巡線(xiàn)儀的使用,降低了資金的投入。三類(lèi)設(shè)備組成了石油管線(xiàn)陰極保護(hù)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的硬件系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)結(jié)合先進(jìn)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)、電子測(cè)量與數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)、網(wǎng)路通信技術(shù)以及管線(xiàn)監(jiān)控技術(shù),以GPRS網(wǎng)絡(luò)為信道進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,可以精確測(cè)量出管道上的電流、電壓值,可靠地接收和分析服務(wù)器指令并反饋測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)測(cè)量點(diǎn)到測(cè)試樁的距離、電壓測(cè)量值和電流測(cè)量值的差異,可以方便地評(píng)估石油管線(xiàn)的保護(hù)效果。該系統(tǒng)不僅可以應(yīng)用在石油管線(xiàn)的監(jiān)測(cè)上,也可以應(yīng)用于煤炭行業(yè)、環(huán)保、水利、交通、安防等行業(yè),應(yīng)用范圍十分廣泛。另外系統(tǒng)尚存在很多不足之處,系統(tǒng)的人機(jī)交互尚需完善,待機(jī)時(shí)間尚有開(kāi)發(fā)空間,通訊協(xié)議還可以加以簡(jiǎn)化,系統(tǒng)的安全性還有待提高。這需要我們繼續(xù)研究和借鑒其他方案,進(jìn)一步測(cè)試和完善系統(tǒng)的不足。
[Abstract]:Safety production relates to the steady development of the country, the life safety of national property and workers, the environmental corrosion and the aging of equipment are the eternal themes that threaten the safe production. The oil pipeline buried underground, the corrosion problem is a perennial problem. The influence of different geology on it is very different, which makes the protection detection especially important. The country gradually attaches importance to the safety production of petroleum, petrochemical and chemical industry. The combination of modern Internet technology and pipeline monitoring technology has become the only way to develop safely. With the deep research of cathodic protection system, there has been a consensus at home and abroad. The real effect of cathodic protection can not be accurately evaluated by electric potential, which can only be accurately evaluated by power off potential. This method has many disadvantages in the practical application. The main problems are: first, the measurement needs a lot of manpower and material resources and time, second, the measurement data exists the possibility of fraud; Third, the amount of data is large and the collection is difficult. Therefore, this method is difficult to realize large-scale and regular measurement. In view of the above problems in the process of measurement, a set of oil pipeline cathodic protection detection system with Chinese characteristics is put forward in this paper. Develop a set of complete measurement products including client, server, mobile phone and hardware, which solve the problem of confidentiality and integrity of data. The realization of the product reduces the repeated work of the staff, improves the working efficiency of the staff, avoids the possibility of data falsification, and achieves the unified management of the data. This paper mainly introduces the development and implementation of hardware equipment, including hardware circuit and software program. There are three kinds of hardware equipments, such as disconnection controller, on-line measuring instrument and manual line patrol instrument, among which, the use of disconnection controller solves various problems caused by frequent disassembly of equipment and modification of test mode during testing, and the use of on-line measuring instrument, It solves the problems of data loss and forgery caused by the difficult manual measurement due to the bad environment, the use of the manual line patrol instrument reduces the investment of funds, and three kinds of equipment constitute the hardware system of the oil pipeline cathodic protection detection system. The system combines advanced Internet technology, electronic measurement and data acquisition technology, network communication technology and pipeline monitoring technology, using GPRS network as the channel to carry out data transmission, which can accurately measure the current and voltage values on the pipeline. Reliably receive and analyze server instructions and feedback measurement data. According to the distance from the measuring point to the test pile, the difference between the voltage measurement value and the current measurement value, The system can be applied not only to the monitoring of oil pipelines, but also to the coal industry, environmental protection, water conservancy, transportation, security, etc. The application scope is very extensive. In addition, there are still many deficiencies in the system, the man-machine interaction of the system needs to be perfected, the standby time is still open to development, and the communication protocol can be simplified. The security of the system needs to be improved, which requires us to continue to study and learn from other schemes to further test and improve the system's shortcomings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE988.2

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