本文選題：稠油油藏　切入點：非線性滲流　出處：《長江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著常規(guī)原油儲量的逐漸減少,稠油資源越來越受到人們的重視。目前稠油開采規(guī)模的逐步擴大,人們對它的研究也越來越多,國家已將部分稠油油藏列為重點開發(fā)項目,稠油丌采將日益顯示出重要的戰(zhàn)略地位。但稠油由于其自身的特點,在地下滲流時表現(xiàn)出與常規(guī)原油不同的滲流特征,它對油藏的開發(fā)、工藝技術(shù)的選擇及開發(fā)指標(biāo)等都有影響,所以正確認(rèn)識稠油的滲流規(guī)律是有效開發(fā)稠油油藏的必要條件。稠油是一種復(fù)雜的、多組分的有機混合物,由于稠油是由一系列較大分子組成、存在某種形式的超分子結(jié)構(gòu),這使得稠油具有高粘度、高密度以及非牛頓流體的特點。稠油的非牛頓流體特點主要體現(xiàn)在其具有啟動壓力梯度,即當(dāng)驅(qū)替壓力梯度小于啟動壓力梯度時稠油不流動,當(dāng)驅(qū)替壓力梯度大于啟動壓力梯度后稠油按擬線性滲流段流動。稠油的啟動壓力梯度目前主要從多孔介質(zhì)孔道的復(fù)雜性、流體的非牛頓性、流體邊界層性質(zhì)異常進行解釋。大量實踐證明,達(dá)西規(guī)律所描述的僅僅是整個滲流過程的一小部分,許多滲流過程都不符合達(dá)西定律,通常將這些滲流稱為非牛頓、非線性流體滲流。非線性滲流大致包括以下幾種：(1)非牛頓流體滲流,這時流體粘度為剪切速率的函數(shù)；(2)高速下的非線性紊流,這時慣性力作用不可忽視,紊流附加阻力對流動產(chǎn)生明顯影響；(3)變形多孔介質(zhì)滲流,這時多孔介質(zhì)滲流參數(shù)為滲流條件的函數(shù)；(4)非等溫滲流；(5)低速滲流,這時多孔介質(zhì)物性參數(shù)為滲流條件的函數(shù)。對于水驅(qū)稠油油藏,就是一個典型的非線性滲流的例子。目前,數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)已成為人們認(rèn)識和描述油氣藏開發(fā)生產(chǎn)規(guī)律的有力工具。但非牛頓流體非線性滲流的數(shù)值模擬研究尚處于初級階段,截止目前,國內(nèi)外尚無比較系統(tǒng)的方法、技術(shù)和模擬系統(tǒng)。目前關(guān)于非線性滲流的研究大多數(shù)都是針對單相流,形成共識的有如下三個方面：(1)原油性質(zhì)對滲流的影響：在稠油油藏中,原油粘度很高,使原油呈現(xiàn)非牛頓流體特性,主要表現(xiàn)為粘彈性或擬塑性；(2)介質(zhì)的滲透性對滲流的影響：介質(zhì)與流體相互作用,嚴(yán)重阻礙流體流動,使流體滲流具有啟動壓力梯度；(3)介質(zhì)的非彈性：在開發(fā)過程中,儲層孔隙度與滲透率隨地層壓力變化而變化,并且這個過程往往是不可逆的。這三個方面都會使原油在油藏中的滲流呈現(xiàn)非線性流。本文首先對稠油啟動壓力梯度形成機理、啟動壓力梯度的研究歷程、稠油啟動壓力梯度測量方法、非線性滲流數(shù)學(xué)模型與數(shù)值模擬方法研究現(xiàn)狀等方面進行廣泛調(diào)研。然后依據(jù)SZ36-1油田與QHD32-6油田原油的非線性滲流實驗規(guī)律,從滲流曲線形態(tài)、啟動壓力梯度形成機理、流度與啟動壓力梯度關(guān)系這3方面考慮,建立了變啟動壓力梯度的運動方程。隨后詳細(xì)推導(dǎo)了變啟動壓力梯度下的數(shù)學(xué)模型,用MPES方法建立其數(shù)值模型,并編制了非線性滲流模擬器。通過大量測試在保證模擬器可靠的前提下,應(yīng)用非線性滲流模擬器對反5點、反9點機理模型與QHD32-6油田典型井組模型進行了非線性滲流計算。模擬結(jié)果表明,啟動壓力梯度對油田開發(fā)產(chǎn)生了3個方面的影響：(A)加快最小滲流阻力通道的形成,此后注入水便會大部分或全部的沿該通道前進,使波及范圍大大減少；(B)加劇水油流度差異與指進現(xiàn)象,致使非活塞現(xiàn)象愈加嚴(yán)重,驅(qū)油效率大大降低；(C)加劇層間滲流阻力差異與層間矛盾。通過對這些規(guī)律的深入挖掘,將為稠油水驅(qū)的合理開發(fā)提供理論與技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:With dwindling reserves of conventional crude oil, heavy oil resources has attracted more and more attention. At present, the scale of heavy oil production gradually expanded, and the studies of it are more and more countries have been part of heavy oil reservoir as a key development project, will increasingly shows the strategic importance of heavy oil exploitation of heavy oil. But because of its own characteristics the show features different from conventional crude oil seepage in underground seepage, the development of the reservoir, have effect on technology selection and development index, so the correct understanding of the seepage law of heavy oil is a necessary condition for effective development of heavy oil reservoir. The heavy oil is a complex mixture of organic groups, because of heavy oil, is composed of a series of larger molecules, supramolecular structure exist in some form, which makes the heavy oil with high viscosity, high density and characteristics of non Newtonian fluid. Non Newtonian viscous flow Body characteristics are mainly reflected in its starting pressure gradient, i.e. when the displacement pressure gradient is smaller than the heavy oil does not flow starting pressure gradient, when the displacement pressure gradient is greater than the threshold pressure gradient after heavy oil according to the quasi linear seepage flow. The starting pressure gradient of heavy oil is mainly from the complexity of porous medium pore, non Newtonian fluid. The nature of the fluid boundary layer anomaly was explained. It proved that the Darcy's law described is only a small part of the entire seepage process, many seepage process does not meet the Darcy's law, are called non Newtonian flow, nonlinear fluid flow. The nonlinear flow generally include the following: (1) non Newtonian fluid flow. When the viscosity of the fluid as a function of shear rate; (2) nonlinear turbulence at high speed, the inertia force can not be ignored, the turbulent flow of additional resistance significantly affect production; (3) the deformation of porous media seepage, then the function parameters of porous media seepage for seepage conditions; (4) the non isothermal seepage; (5) low speed flow, then the function of physical properties of porous media seepage conditions. For water flooding in heavy oil reservoir is a typical nonlinear seepage flow numerical example. At present, the simulation technology has become a powerful tool for people to understand and describe the reservoir development and production rules. But the non Newton fluid numerical simulation study of nonlinear seepage is still in the initial stage, up to now, there is no systematic method, technology and simulation system. The current research on nonlinear flow mostly for single-phase flow, three the following aspects of consensus: (1) effects of crude oil properties on seepage in heavy oil reservoir, crude oil viscosity is very high, the crude oil showed non Newton fluid characteristics, mainly for viscoelastic or quasi plastic ; (2) influence the permeability of the medium to flow interaction medium and fluid, hinder fluid flow, the fluid flow with starting pressure gradient; (3) non elastic medium: in the process of development, the reservoir porosity and permeability of formation pressure changes, and this process is often irreversible. These three aspects will make the oil seepage in the reservoir. This paper presents the nonlinear flow of heavy oil starting pressure gradient formation mechanism, start the research course of pressure gradient, heavy starting pressure gradient measurement method, nonlinear seepage flow mathematical model and numerical simulation method to study the status quo and other aspects of extensive investigation. Then according to the nonlinear seepage the experiment of crude oil SZ36-1 and QHD32-6 oilfield, from the seepage curve, the starting pressure gradient formation mechanism, the 3 aspects of the relationship between flow and starting pressure gradient, the establishment of The change of starting pressure gradient equations of motion are derived in detail. Then the mathematical model of variable threshold pressure gradient, the numerical model established by MPES method, and the nonlinear flow simulator. Through a lot of tests under the premise of ensuring reliable simulator under the application of nonlinear seepage simulator against 5 points, 9 points against the mechanism model and QHD32-6 in a typical well group model of nonlinear seepage calculation. The simulation results show that the starting pressure gradient has 3 Effects on oil field development: (A) to accelerate the formation of minimum flow resistance channel, then injected water will most or all along the path, the scope is greatly reduced; (B) increased water oil mobility differences and fingering phenomenon, resulting in more and more non piston phenomenon is serious, the oil displacement efficiency is greatly reduced; (C) difference between flow resistance between layers increased and interlayer. Based on these rules. The deep excavation will provide theoretical and technical support for the rational development of heavy oil water flooding.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE312

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本文編號：1641846