本文選題：雙重介質　切入點：體積源　出處：《西南石油大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：雙重介質用以描述天然裂縫發(fā)育或體積壓裂后形成裂縫網(wǎng)絡的儲層,其滲流理論廣泛地應用于試井分析、產(chǎn)能評價、儲層裂縫預測、開發(fā)方案優(yōu)化等方面。國內(nèi)外學者對雙重介質滲流理論和應用已經(jīng)有了大量的研究成果,但主要集中于直井、垂直裂縫井、水平井的滲流問題,而針對分段壓裂水平井的研究較少,并且關于頁巖氣藏滲流問題的研究也待進一步深化。雙重介質滲流問題的求解一般基于Laplace變換,結合相應的數(shù)值反演方法,可很好地應用于求解變流率生產(chǎn)等滲流問題;然而考慮水平井管流、高速非達西流動等壓力和流量呈現(xiàn)非線性關系時的問題不能進行Laplace變換,使這類滲流問題成為傳統(tǒng)雙重介質滲流理論中難以克服的頑疾。此類非線性滲流問題在實空間的半解析求解方法已經(jīng)非常成熟,主要通過離散時間求解每個時間段內(nèi)的流量,由此可知實空間中的基本解是采用此類半解析方法進行計算的基礎。探尋雙重介質滲流模型的實空間求解方法是解決此類滲流問題、完善雙重介質滲流理論的最佳途徑。本文針對常規(guī)雙重介質油氣藏和頁巖氣藏,采用體積源方法研究非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流問題。綜合應用滲流力學、油藏工程、偏微分方程、數(shù)值計算、計算機程序設計等知識,以建立雙重介質非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流模型為起點,推導相應的體積源函數(shù),并闡述在不同類型的井的生產(chǎn)動態(tài)分析中的應用,最后將論文主要理論算法程序化。主要取得如下成果:(1)從常規(guī)雙重介質油氣藏、頁巖氣藏基本滲流原理出發(fā),采用體積源方法建立三維空間非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流模型;采用積分變換法進行求解,分別求取實空間和Laplace空間的體積源函數(shù),并分析不同空間中體積源函數(shù)的應用范圍。(2)針對不同假設(均勻流量假設、無限導流假設、有限導流假設)下不同類型的井(直井、垂直裂縫井、水平井、分段壓裂水平井),根據(jù)體積源函數(shù),結合疊加原理和源內(nèi)流動壓降模型建立相應的壓力動態(tài)模型,并與傳統(tǒng)理論模型的結果進行比較,驗證雙重介質體積源函數(shù)的有效性,展示體積源方法相比于傳統(tǒng)方法的優(yōu)點,并分析各參數(shù)對壓力動態(tài)的影響。(3)針對裂縫性油氣藏,建立考慮水平井管流壓降、人工裂縫內(nèi)高速非達西流動壓降的半解析產(chǎn)能評價模型;分析人工裂縫參數(shù)間的相互關系,并依此提出新的裂縫參數(shù)優(yōu)化設計方法。(4)基于雙重介質體積源滲流模型,采用Visual Basic 6.0編制分段壓裂水平井產(chǎn)能評價軟件,應用于均質/雙重介質油氣藏分段壓裂壓前參數(shù)優(yōu)化及壓后產(chǎn)能評價之中。通過研究表明,體積源方法可良好地應用于研究雙重介質中線性和非線性滲流問題,并且繼承了在均質儲層中應用時的優(yōu)點:函數(shù)性質優(yōu)良、計算步驟簡便、基本源函數(shù)適應性更好、在結構更為復雜的井中應用時效率更高。論文的研究對裂縫性儲層、非常規(guī)儲層的開發(fā)有積極的指導意義。
[Abstract]:The dual medium is used to describe the reservoir where the natural fracture develops or the fracture network is formed after volume fracturing. Its percolation theory is widely used in well test analysis, productivity evaluation and reservoir fracture prediction. Domestic and foreign scholars have made a lot of research achievements on the theory and application of dual medium seepage, but they mainly focus on the percolation problems of vertical fractured wells, horizontal wells, vertical fractured wells, and horizontal wells. However, the research on the horizontal well of fracturing is less, and the research on the seepage problem of shale gas reservoir needs to be further deepened. The solution of the seepage problem of dual medium is usually based on Laplace transform and combined with the corresponding numerical inversion method. It can be well applied to solve the problem of isoseepage in variable flow rate production. However, when the pressure and flow rate of high speed non-Darcy flow are nonlinear, the problem can not be transformed by Laplace, considering the pipe flow in horizontal well, and the non-Darcy flow at high speed. This kind of seepage problem has become an intractable problem in the traditional double medium seepage theory. The semi-analytical solution method for this kind of nonlinear seepage problem in real space is very mature, and the flow rate in each time period is mainly solved by discrete time. It can be seen that the basic solution in real space is the basis of this kind of semi-analytical method. The best way to perfect the theory of dual medium percolation. In this paper, the volume source method is used to study the problem of unsteady flow in conventional dual medium reservoirs and shale gas reservoirs. Comprehensive application of percolation mechanics, reservoir engineering, partial differential equation, numerical calculation, Based on the knowledge of computer programming, the volume source function is derived from the establishment of a dual medium unsteady flow model, and its application in the production dynamic analysis of different types of wells is expounded. Finally, the main theoretical algorithms are programmed. The main achievements are as follows: 1) based on the basic percolation principle of conventional dual medium reservoir and shale gas reservoir, the volume source method is used to establish the three-dimensional spatial unsteady seepage model. The volume source functions of real space and Laplace space are obtained by using integral transformation method, and the range of application of volume source function in different space is analyzed. Different types of wells (vertical well, vertical fracture well, horizontal well, segmented fracturing horizontal well) under the finite diversion hypothesis, according to volume source function, combined with the superposition principle and the flow pressure drop model in the source, the corresponding pressure dynamic model is established. Compared with the results of the traditional theoretical model, the validity of the volume source function of the dual medium is verified, the advantages of the volume source method compared with the traditional method are demonstrated, and the influence of various parameters on the pressure performance is analyzed. A semi-analytical productivity evaluation model considering pipe pressure drop and non-Darcy flow pressure drop in artificial fractures is established, and the relationship between parameters of artificial fractures is analyzed. Based on the dual medium volume source seepage model and Visual Basic 6.0, a new fracture parameter optimization design method, I. e., the productivity evaluation software for horizontal well fracturing is presented. It is applied to the optimization of parameters before fracturing and the evaluation of productivity after fracturing in homogeneous / double heavy medium reservoirs. The results show that the volume source method can be applied to the study of linear and nonlinear percolation problems in dual media. And inherited the advantages of application in homogeneous reservoir: good function property, simple calculation procedure, better adaptability of basic source function, and higher efficiency when applied in wells with more complicated structure. The development of unconventional reservoir has positive guiding significance.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE312

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