本文選題：低礦化度注水　切入點：巖石潤濕性　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著油田的不斷開發(fā),注水開發(fā)已經(jīng)成了油田提高采收率的一種重要的方法,特別是低滲透油田。注水能夠增大地層壓力,補充地層能量,同時注入水能夠驅(qū)替原油,促使油井產(chǎn)出更多的原油,從而提高采收率。我國低滲透油田的天然彈性能量普遍較小,基本上都先后采取了注水保持壓力來補充地層能量的開發(fā)方式,并取得較好的開發(fā)效果和較高的采收率。但是,隨著注水時間變長,注水開發(fā)效果會逐漸變差,例如：地下儲層遭到破壞；含水量大幅度上升,甚至能達到90%以上；注入水礦化度較高,導(dǎo)致井筒井壁結(jié)垢等種種對生產(chǎn)不利的結(jié)果。 除油田本身地質(zhì)特征、儲層物性特征等自然條件外,“注夠水和注好水”直接決定著油田的開發(fā)效果。所謂注夠水是指注水量要適應(yīng)油田采出液量的需要達到注采平衡,保持地層壓力在一個合理的水平；而注好水是指提高油層的水驅(qū)效率,提高地質(zhì)儲量的水驅(qū)動用程度,達到較好的開發(fā)效果。對于注水開發(fā)的油藏來說,注入低礦化度水進行驅(qū)油是一種有效的提高原油采收率的方法。 XM油田扶楊油藏屬于典型的低孔、低滲、非均質(zhì)性強的油藏。目前注水井困難,注入壓力高,而油井基本不受效,油井產(chǎn)液量低。本文主要針對XM油田注水所存在的問題,提出了一種新的注水開發(fā)方式——低礦化度注水。低礦化度注水就是向油層中注入水礦化度較低的水,一般來說,礦化度在5000mg/L以下。目前,國內(nèi)并未對低礦化度注水有深入的研究,本文大量調(diào)研了國內(nèi)外的資料,包括實驗的和理論上的文獻,綜合分析了低礦化度注水提高采收率的機理。在此基礎(chǔ)上,充分利用油藏數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)對比了高礦化度注水和低礦化度注水的開發(fā)效果,驗證了低礦化度注水開發(fā)能改善油田開發(fā)效果。最后針對XM油田的開發(fā)實際,提出了較為合理的低礦化度注水方案。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of oil fields, water injection development has become an important method to improve oil recovery, especially in low permeability oilfields. Water injection can increase formation pressure, replenish formation energy, and at the same time, inject water can drive crude oil. The natural elastic energy of low permeability oil fields in China is generally small. Basically, water injection maintenance pressure has been adopted successively to supplement formation energy development. But with the increase of water injection time, the water injection effect will become worse, for example, the underground reservoir will be destroyed, the water content will be increased by a large margin, and the water content can even reach more than 90%. The high salinity of injected water leads to the formation of scale on wellbore wall and other unfavorable results to production. In addition to the natural conditions such as the geological characteristics of the oil field itself and the physical properties of the reservoir, "sufficient water injection and good water injection" directly determine the development effect of the oilfield. To keep the formation pressure at a reasonable level, and good water injection means to improve the water drive efficiency of the reservoir and increase the water driving degree of the geological reserves, so as to achieve a better development effect. Flooding with low salinity water is an effective method to improve oil recovery. Fuyang reservoir in XM oilfield is a typical reservoir with low porosity, low permeability and strong heterogeneity. At present, water injection wells are difficult, injection pressure is high, and oil wells are basically ineffective. In this paper, a new water injection development method, low salinity water injection, is proposed. Low salinity water injection is to inject water with low salinity into the reservoir. Generally speaking, the salinity is less than 5 000 mg / L. at present, There is no deep research on low salinity water flooding in China. This paper has investigated a lot of domestic and foreign data, including experimental and theoretical literature, and comprehensively analyzed the mechanism of low salinity water injection to improve oil recovery. The development effects of high salinity water injection and low salinity water injection are compared by using reservoir numerical simulation technology, and it is verified that low salinity water injection development can improve oilfield development effect. Finally, the development practice of XM oilfield is discussed. A reasonable water injection scheme with low salinity is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.6

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