本文選題：膜分離　切入點：油氣　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：全球每年逸失于大氣中的油品量約為1億噸,接近于我國2014年半年開采的原油產(chǎn)量,在全球范圍爆發(fā)能源危機的今天,這是一個極其嚴(yán)重的問題。某企業(yè)煉油廠裝洗車間采用液下敞口裝車,裝車過程中油氣揮發(fā)量大,作業(yè)環(huán)境較差,部分員工操作出現(xiàn)頭暈、惡心等癥狀,汽油裝車時總烴濃度最高達到1000mg/m~3,遠遠高于300mg/m~3的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在大風(fēng)天氣和陰雨天氣油氣味尤為嚴(yán)重,因此進行設(shè)備改造和增加裝車油氣回收系統(tǒng)勢在必行。本文通過對國內(nèi)外油氣處理的現(xiàn)狀研究,對國內(nèi)大型石化企業(yè)的油氣回收設(shè)施的考察,以及對比分析了國內(nèi)外目前使用的油氣回收方法,查找裝車過程中油氣產(chǎn)生的原因及油氣中產(chǎn)生污染的成分,對現(xiàn)有裝車系統(tǒng)進行了改造,同時新建膜分離回收系統(tǒng),以改善油氣污染問題和減少油氣的揮發(fā)損失。完成了芳烴裝車密閉系統(tǒng)和汽油裝車系統(tǒng)改造,增上自動對位系統(tǒng)及防溢油報警系統(tǒng),保證在裝車過程中密封良好,實現(xiàn)了密閉裝車和質(zhì)量流量計自動計量,操作控制方便簡單,油氣不泄漏,增加了操作安全性。結(jié)合某企業(yè)的實際情況,引進大連歐科力德環(huán)境技術(shù)有限公司膜分離回收技術(shù)新建膜法尾氣回收系統(tǒng),用于汽油裝車過程的油氣回收。在實際運行中,總結(jié)了裝置運行控制的方法,剖析裝置運行的常見問題及處理方法等。裝置建成后裝車環(huán)境改善明顯,員工反應(yīng)良好,站臺油氣濃度大大降低,跟蹤監(jiān)測結(jié)果很理想,站臺的油氣測試濃度與改造前的大于300mg/m~3相比效果相當(dāng)明顯。回收的油氣經(jīng)膜處理后,尾氣中非甲烷總烴連續(xù)排放濃度25g/m~3,符合設(shè)計指標(biāo),達到了油氣污染防治的目的。在150天的運行過程中,裝車棧臺油氣泄漏量明顯減少,裝車環(huán)境改善明顯,站臺幾乎聞不到油氣味,跟蹤監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明站臺的油氣測試濃度為痕量,處理后的尾氣總烴排放濃度在8~12g/m~3,低于國家規(guī)定的25g/m~3排放氣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。經(jīng)統(tǒng)計,在此過程中油氣膜法回收裝置回收汽油油氣量約為850噸,創(chuàng)造效益680萬元。
[Abstract]:The amount of oil lost in the atmosphere in the world is about 100 million tons each year, which is close to the crude oil output that China produced in 2014. Today, when the global energy crisis breaks out, This is a very serious problem. In a certain refinery, the factory uses an open loading vehicle under liquid. During the loading process, the oil and gas volatilities are large, the working environment is poor, and some employees have symptoms such as dizziness and nausea in their operations. Gasoline has the highest total hydrocarbon concentration of 1000 mg / mm3 when loaded, well above the 300mg / mm3 standard, especially in windy and rainy weather. Therefore, it is imperative to reform the equipment and increase the oil and gas recovery system. This paper studies the present situation of oil and gas treatment at home and abroad, and inspects the oil and gas recovery facilities of large petrochemical enterprises in China. The oil and gas recovery methods used at home and abroad are compared and analyzed, the causes of oil and gas generation during loading and the components of oil and gas pollution are searched, the existing loading system is reformed, and the membrane separation and recovery system is built. In order to improve the problem of oil and gas pollution and reduce the volatile loss of oil and gas, the modification of the sealing system of aromatics and gasoline loading system has been completed, and the automatic counterposition system and the anti-spill alarm system have been added to ensure that the seal is good during the loading process. The automatic metering of airtight loading and mass Flowmeter is realized, the operation control is convenient and simple, the oil and gas does not leak, and the operation safety is increased. Combined with the actual situation of a certain enterprise, The membrane separation and recovery technology of Dalian Okolide Environmental Technology Co., Ltd was introduced to build a new membrane process exhaust gas recovery system for oil and gas recovery during gasoline loading. In actual operation, the operation control method of the unit was summarized. The common problems and treatment methods of the operation of the equipment are analyzed. After the installation is completed, the loading environment is obviously improved, the staff response is good, the oil and gas concentration of the platform is greatly reduced, and the monitoring results are very satisfactory. The test concentration of oil and gas in the platform is quite obvious compared with that before the retrofit, which is more than 300 mg / m ~ (3). After the oil and gas is treated by membrane, the continuous emission concentration of non-methane in tail gas is 25 g / m ~ (3), which accords with the design index. During the 150 days of operation, the leakage of oil and gas in the stacks was obviously reduced, the loading environment was improved obviously, and the platform could hardly smell the oil and gas. Tracking and monitoring results show that the oil and gas test concentration of the platform is trace, and the total hydrocarbon emission concentration of the treated tail gas is 812 g / mm3, which is lower than the national standard of 25 g / mm3. According to statistics, In this process, the oil and gas recovery capacity of the oil and gas membrane recovery unit is about 850 tons, and the benefit is 6.8 million yuan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X742;TQ028.8

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本文編號：1625792