本文選題：油水界面　切入點(diǎn)：逐點(diǎn)測量　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國大部分油田處于開采中后期，原油本身的壓力持續(xù)地降低，所以在實(shí)際開采中需要對油層進(jìn)行注水，導(dǎo)致原油含水率較高，對儲(chǔ)運(yùn)造成較大的壓力，同時(shí)加大了設(shè)施能耗和浪費(fèi)，對原油進(jìn)行脫水工作是油田開采中必要的一環(huán)。實(shí)際情況中油罐里的原油和水之間有一乳化層，該層有油、水和乳化劑等成分，是油水過渡層，過渡層的存在使油水界面模糊。而脫水的關(guān)鍵是找到合理的油水分界面，這對提高排水效率和脫水質(zhì)量，減少跑油事故，尤為重要。 本課題基于電容——頻率轉(zhuǎn)化法設(shè)計(jì)了油水界面檢測裝置，采用分段式電容傳感器作為分辨電容大小的元件，利用LC振蕩電路，把難檢測的電容信號變?yōu)橐诇y量的頻率信號，最后根據(jù)不同介質(zhì)區(qū)域返回的頻率值不同，獲取合理的油水界面。本文描述了油水界面測量裝置的測量原理和檢測流程，給出了具體設(shè)計(jì)方案，對裝置的傳感器、振蕩電路、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)炔糠肿隽嗽敿?xì)的分析闡述。針對檢測裝置的實(shí)現(xiàn)功能，設(shè)計(jì)的硬件包括分段式電容傳感器、LC振蕩電路、頻率信號調(diào)制電路、多通道選擇電路和電源電路等，STM32單片機(jī)作為信號采集和處理的主控制器；設(shè)計(jì)的軟件部分主要包括信號采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理和通信程序等。 為了適應(yīng)油田的生產(chǎn)要求，系統(tǒng)設(shè)置了主機(jī)和從機(jī)，從機(jī)通過數(shù)據(jù)處理得到的結(jié)果，通過低功耗無線傳感模塊ZigBee傳至主機(jī)，這樣可以很方便地組成多節(jié)點(diǎn)局域網(wǎng)。針對裝置實(shí)際的工作條件和被測對象的特點(diǎn)，本課題在自然環(huán)境下設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)油罐模型，使用與原油性質(zhì)相似的食用油和水利用該模型進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，主要測試硬件電路的可靠性和準(zhǔn)確性，并進(jìn)行了裝置的重復(fù)性實(shí)驗(yàn)，，通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，本裝置工作可靠穩(wěn)定，可以為原油的脫水處理提供合理的油水界面數(shù)據(jù)，簡化工作流程和加快脫水速度，達(dá)到了預(yù)期目標(biāo)要求。
[Abstract]:Most of the oil fields in China are in the middle and late stage of production, and the pressure of crude oil itself has been continuously reduced. Therefore, in actual production, it is necessary to inject water into the reservoir, resulting in a high water cut of crude oil, resulting in greater pressure on storage and transportation. At the same time, the energy consumption and waste of facilities have been increased. Dehydration of crude oil is a necessary link in oil field production. In practice, there is an emulsified layer between crude oil and water in oil tanks, which contains oil, water and emulsifiers, and is a transition layer between oil and water. The existence of transition layer makes oil-water interface blurred, and the key of dehydration is to find a reasonable oil-water interface, which is especially important for improving drainage efficiency and dehydration quality and reducing oil running accidents. Based on the capacitance-frequency conversion method, the oil-water interface detection device is designed in this paper. The segmented capacitance sensor is used as the component to distinguish the capacitance size, and the LC oscillating circuit is used to transform the difficult capacitance signal into the frequency signal that is easy to measure. Finally, reasonable oil-water interface is obtained according to the different return frequency values in different medium regions. This paper describes the measuring principle and detecting flow of oil-water interface measuring device, and gives the specific design scheme, the sensor of the device, the oscillating circuit, According to the realization function of the detecting device, the hardware includes the LC oscillation circuit of the segmented capacitive sensor, the frequency signal modulation circuit, and so on. The multi-channel selection circuit and power supply circuit are used as the main controller for signal acquisition and processing, and the software includes signal acquisition, data processing and communication program. In order to meet the requirements of oil field production, the system has set up a host and slave, the slave computer through data processing results, through the low-power wireless sensor module ZigBee to the host, In this way, it is convenient to form a multi-node LAN. According to the actual working conditions of the device and the characteristics of the object under test, a model of oil tank is designed in the natural environment. The model is used to test the reliability and accuracy of the hardware circuit by using the model of edible oil and water similar to crude oil, and the repeatability experiment of the device is carried out. The experimental results show that the device works reliably and stably. It can provide reasonable oil-water interface data for the dehydration treatment of crude oil, simplify the work flow and speed up the dehydration rate, and reach the expected goal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE972

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本文編號：1614537