本文選題：含硫儲油罐　切入點：自燃災害　出處：《中國計量學院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：儲油罐是油庫的重要設備,一旦發(fā)生爆炸,所造成的損失難以估計。隨著石油的不斷開采,含硫原油比例大幅攀升,儲罐硫化腐蝕加速,給儲油罐的安全作業(yè)帶來巨大的挑戰(zhàn),致使及時發(fā)現(xiàn)儲罐自燃火源成為當前亟待解決的問題。儲油罐自燃災害探測屬于反問題研究范疇,通過建立儲油罐表面溫度場與內(nèi)部自燃災源之間的聯(lián)系,對儲油罐內(nèi)部自燃災源進行識別、評估。導熱反問題在理論研究和實際應用中不斷發(fā)展,尤其是在自燃災害的定量探測研究問題上,一直是國內(nèi)外研究的重點和難點。本文在解析中外相關文獻和前人研究成果的基礎上,從儲油罐自燃機理出發(fā),采用有限元分析、計算機模擬和導熱反演算法相結(jié)合的研究方法,提出了基于導熱反問題的儲油罐自燃災害探測的理論研究方法。論文從儲油罐自燃機理研究出發(fā),驗證儲罐內(nèi)壁腐蝕物中硫化亞鐵的存在,并擬合硫化亞鐵自燃過程的溫度變化曲線。然后,結(jié)合有限元法和導熱理論,建立儲油罐自燃過程的有限元模擬,通過對模型進行加載求解,得出儲油罐整個自燃過程中任意時刻的三維溫度場及任意路徑下的二維溫度變化曲線;并通過改變自燃災源參數(shù)、保溫層厚度、所處環(huán)境溫度及空氣對流系數(shù)等邊界條件對模型進行反復計算,分析在不同影響因素下含自燃災害儲油罐溫度場變化的規(guī)律,總結(jié)其對外壁面異常區(qū)域的溫度分布和自燃災源探測的影響,實現(xiàn)了溫度場可視化三維輸出。最后,針對導熱反問題,運用反演算法對不同情況下的儲油罐自燃災害進行反演識別和信息評估,并與已有溫度場數(shù)據(jù)進行對比驗證,結(jié)果證明了該自燃災害探測研究方法的有效性。基于儲油罐自燃機理,將有限元分析與導熱反問題相結(jié)合,對儲油罐自燃過程的溫度場進行模擬研究。論文提出了儲油罐自燃的有限元模型,經(jīng)過導熱運算和反問題研究,分別證明了儲罐溫度場動態(tài)模型和導熱反演算法是可行的,為儲油罐自燃災害實現(xiàn)無損檢測提供理論基礎。
[Abstract]:Oil storage tanks are important equipment for oil depots. Once explosion occurs, the damage caused by oil storage tanks is difficult to estimate. With the continuous exploitation of oil, the proportion of crude oil containing sulfur increases dramatically, and the sulphide corrosion of storage tanks accelerates, which brings great challenges to the safe operation of oil storage tanks. It is an urgent problem to find the source of spontaneous combustion of oil tank in time. The detection of natural combustion disaster of oil tank belongs to the research of inverse problem. By establishing the relationship between the surface temperature field of oil storage tank and the disaster source of internal spontaneous combustion, the relationship between the natural combustion disaster source and the surface temperature field of the oil storage tank is established. Identifying and evaluating the sources of spontaneous combustion disaster in oil storage tanks. The inverse problem of thermal conductivity has been developing in theory and practical application, especially in quantitative detection of spontaneous combustion disasters. In this paper, based on the analysis of relevant literature and previous research results, starting from the mechanism of oil tank spontaneous combustion, finite element analysis is used. Based on the research method of computer simulation and heat conduction inversion algorithm, the theoretical research method of oil tank spontaneous combustion disaster detection based on heat conduction inverse problem is put forward. The existence of ferrous sulfide in the corrosion material of the inner wall of the tank is verified, and the temperature variation curve of the spontaneous combustion process of the iron sulfide is fitted. Then, the finite element simulation of the spontaneous combustion process of the oil tank is established by combining the finite element method and the heat conduction theory. By loading and solving the model, the three-dimensional temperature field at any time and the two-dimensional temperature change curve under any path during the whole spontaneous combustion process of the oil storage tank are obtained, and by changing the parameters of the spontaneous combustion disaster source, the thickness of the insulating layer is obtained. Boundary conditions such as ambient temperature and air convection coefficient were calculated repeatedly to analyze the variation of temperature field of oil storage tank with spontaneous combustion disaster under different influence factors. This paper summarizes the influence of temperature distribution and the detection of spontaneous combustion disaster source in the anomalous area of external wall, and realizes the visualization of three-dimensional output of temperature field. Finally, aiming at the inverse problem of thermal conductivity, The inversion algorithm is used to identify and evaluate the information of oil tank spontaneous combustion disaster under different conditions, and the results are compared with the existing temperature field data. The results show that the method is effective. Based on the mechanism of oil tank spontaneous combustion, the finite element analysis is combined with the inverse problem of heat conduction. In this paper, the finite element model of oil tank spontaneous combustion is put forward, and the dynamic model of temperature field and the inversion algorithm of heat conduction are proved to be feasible through the calculation of heat conduction and the research of inverse problem. It provides a theoretical basis for nondestructive testing of oil tank spontaneous combustion disaster.
【學位授予單位】：中國計量學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE88

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