本文選題：龍馬溪組　切入點：頁巖氣　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：天然氣作為一種清潔能源在國家能源安全中的戰(zhàn)略地位越來越重要,我國天然氣的對外依存度也呈逐年上升的趨勢。頁巖氣作為我國天然氣資源的重要接替,其勘探開發(fā)正越來越受到關(guān)注和重視。目前國際上開發(fā)頁巖氣一般采用油基鉆井液水平井鉆井技術(shù),技術(shù)相對成熟,并已取得較好的效果。但我國頁巖氣開發(fā)時間短,油基鉆井液技術(shù)尚不成熟,與國外相比還存在較大的差距。為此必須開展系統(tǒng)研究,開發(fā)適合于我國頁巖氣水平井鉆井的油基鉆井液體系,以適應(yīng)頁巖氣自主規(guī)�；_發(fā)的需要。從已有的現(xiàn)場鉆井實踐可知,現(xiàn)有油基鉆井液面臨著對頁巖地層的封堵性較差、井壁穩(wěn)定能力不足等問題。為此,本文在對威遠地區(qū)龍馬溪組頁巖地層巖石組構(gòu)特征及已鉆井工程資料系統(tǒng)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,針對性地開展了油基鉆井液體系研究,取得了以下認識和成果： 1)該地區(qū)頁巖黏土礦物總量在29.53%～37.43%之間,石英含量分布在33.9%～43.67%,脆性礦物總量分布在54.69%～62.53%,含少量白云石；黏土礦物以伊利石為主,含伊/蒙混層,無蒙脫石,為弱膨脹性；層理、宏觀裂縫、微裂縫、微孔隙都較發(fā)育,其中微裂縫開度在5μm以上。因此,必須強化油基鉆井液的封堵性。 2)該地區(qū)頁巖原巖強度較高,脆性強,鉆井過程中易出現(xiàn)井壁掉塊現(xiàn)象,需要油基鉆井液具有良好的頁巖井壁穩(wěn)定能力。 3)在對處理劑進行優(yōu)選的基礎(chǔ)上,獲得了油基鉆井液體系配方：5#白油+25%CaCl2(油水比為85:15)+3%乳化劑ETS-1+2%CaO+2%降濾失劑CF+1%潤濕劑WEP+1%封堵劑CB+0.66%剛性封堵材料CaCO3(800目)+0.5%提切劑RZL+重晶石。該體系中壓濾失量為0、高溫高壓濾失量小于2mL、破乳電壓大于1200V,具有較好的高溫高壓流變性、穩(wěn)定性、抑制性和抗污染性。封堵性能評價結(jié)果表明,該體系具有良好的封堵性,在0.69MPa下,30min砂床侵入深度為4cm,PPA高溫高壓濾失量為0。鉆井液對頁巖強度保持能力實驗表明,其對頁巖巖樣強度具有很好的保持性。 4)該油基鉆井液體系在威A井水平井段應(yīng)用中表現(xiàn)出了良好的穩(wěn)定性、抑制性、潤滑性、攜砂能力及對頁巖井壁的穩(wěn)定性,在整個井段鉆進順利,無明顯垮塌現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。鉆井液體系在鉆進過程中的流變性能穩(wěn)定,能夠滿足該頁巖氣水平井段作業(yè)要求,但仍有繼續(xù)優(yōu)化的空間。
[Abstract]:As a kind of clean energy, natural gas plays a more and more important role in national energy security, and the external dependence of natural gas in China is also increasing year by year. Shale gas is an important replacement of natural gas resources in China. The exploration and development of shale gas has been paid more and more attention. At present, oil based drilling fluid horizontal well drilling technology is generally used in the development of shale gas in the world. The technology is relatively mature and has achieved good results. However, the development time of shale gas in China is short. Oil based drilling fluid technology is still immature, and there is still a big gap compared with foreign countries. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out systematic research to develop oil based drilling fluid system suitable for shale gas horizontal well drilling in China. In order to meet the needs of shale gas independent large-scale development, the existing oil-based drilling fluid is faced with some problems such as poor plugging ability to shale formation and insufficient wellbore stability ability, according to the existing field drilling practice. Based on the systematic analysis of rock fabric characteristics and drilling engineering data of the shale formation of Longmaxi formation in Weiyuan area, the oil based drilling fluid system has been studied in this paper, and the following results have been obtained:. 1) the total mineral content of shale clay in this area is between 29.53% and 37.43%, the content of quartz is 33.9%, the total amount of brittle minerals is 54.6910% and 62.53%, and the clay is mainly Illite, with the mixed layer of Illite / montmorillonite, without montmorillonite, which is weakly expansive. The macro fracture, micro fracture and micropore are all developed, in which the opening of micro fracture is above 5 渭 m. Therefore, the plugging ability of oil base drilling fluid must be strengthened. 2) the shale source rock in this area is of high strength and brittleness, and it is easy to appear the phenomenon of wellbore block loss during drilling, which requires the oil-base drilling fluid to have good shale sidewall stability. 3) on the basis of the optimal selection of the treatment agent, The oil base drilling fluid system formulation: White oil 25Cl 2 (oil-water ratio 85: 15) 3% emulsifier ETS-1 2O 2% filter reducer CF 1% wetting agent WEP 1% plugging agent CB 0.66% rigid plugging material CaCO3(800 mesh) 0.5% extractant RZL barite was obtained. The medium pressure filtration loss is 0, the high temperature and high pressure filtration loss is less than 2 mL, the demulsification voltage is more than 1 200 V, and has good high temperature and high pressure rheology. Stability, inhibition and pollution resistance. The evaluation of plugging performance shows that the system has good plugging performance, and the invasion depth of sand bed is 4 cm / m PPA at 0.69 MPA for 30 min, and the filtration loss of PPA at high temperature and high pressure is 0. The experimental results show that the drilling fluid has the ability to retain shale strength. It can maintain the strength of shale rock samples. 4) the oil-base drilling fluid system has shown good stability, inhibition, lubricity, sand carrying ability and stability to the shale well wall in the horizontal section of WeiA well. There is no obvious collapse. The rheological property of drilling fluid system is stable, which can meet the operational requirements of the shale gas horizontal section, but there is still room for further optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE254

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