本文選題：壓力　切入點(diǎn)：高蠟原油　出處：《華東理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：原油中的重質(zhì)碳?xì)浠衔锍Ｔ诃h(huán)境溫度低于原油的析蠟溫度時(shí)析出,從而堵塞管道,為原油的開采和運(yùn)輸帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的困難。向原油中加入聚合物降凝劑改善原油的低溫流動(dòng)性是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)有效并被廣泛采用的方法。然而,目前的研究普遍在常壓下進(jìn)行,而原油常常儲(chǔ)存在壓力很高的地層深處,在運(yùn)輸過(guò)程當(dāng)中輸油管道內(nèi)部也存在著一定的壓力。壓力對(duì)于原油的流動(dòng)性質(zhì)有著不可忽略的影響。因此,有必要在高壓條件下系統(tǒng)的研究原油的流動(dòng)特性以及聚合物降凝劑的降凝效果。本文通過(guò)自由基聚合和側(cè)鏈接枝的方法,制備了兩類基于馬來(lái)酸酐-α-烯烴共聚物的聚合物降凝劑,一種是含有脂肪側(cè)鏈的MAC-24-18與MAC-18-18系列共聚物,另一種是具有芳香側(cè)鏈AMAC.NMAC和ANMAC系列共聚物。通過(guò)核磁共振氫譜(1H-NMR)對(duì)聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了分析。在常壓下,運(yùn)用流變儀、熒光顯微鏡等測(cè)量?jī)x器探究了聚合物中烷基鏈長(zhǎng)度和側(cè)鏈芳香度對(duì)油品流動(dòng)性及蠟結(jié)晶過(guò)程的影響。結(jié)果顯示所合成的梳型共聚物均能夠有效的降低含蠟?zāi)Ｐ陀偷那?并對(duì)蠟晶的形貌或分散性起到一定的改善作用。通過(guò)熒光顯微鏡觀測(cè)含蠟?zāi)Ｐ陀椭械南灳蚊惨约熬酆衔锓植己蟀l(fā)現(xiàn)聚合物的側(cè)鏈基團(tuán)種類對(duì)蠟結(jié)晶過(guò)程有很大影響,不含芳環(huán)的聚合物(MAC系列)主要通過(guò)共晶的方式改變了蠟晶的形貌,而含有芳環(huán)的聚合物(AMAC、NMAC和ANMAC系列)則主要通過(guò)吸附及排斥機(jī)理起到分散蠟晶的作用。利用高壓流變儀,考察了含蠟原油在不同靜壓力下流變性質(zhì)的變化。壓力的升高可以顯著提高含蠟原油的粘度,同時(shí)通過(guò)促進(jìn)原油中石蠟的結(jié)晶過(guò)程使得原油擁有更高的析蠟點(diǎn)和屈服應(yīng)力�？疾炝朔枷阈院头欠枷阈怨簿畚镌诟邏合聦�(duì)原油屈服值的降低效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩類聚合物在常壓和高壓下對(duì)含蠟油的改善效果有著不同的趨勢(shì)。接枝有芳香性聚合物的添加劑在常壓下可以顯著的降低含蠟原油的屈服應(yīng)力,然而在高壓下其降低原油屈服應(yīng)力的效果則增長(zhǎng)緩慢,而MAC系列共聚物則在高壓和常壓下均能夠與原油中的蠟進(jìn)行共晶從而起到很好的效果。
[Abstract]:Heavy hydrocarbons in crude oil are often released when the ambient temperature is lower than the wax precipitation temperature of the crude oil, thereby blocking the pipeline. It is an economical, effective and widely used method to improve the low temperature fluidity of crude oil by adding polymer depressant to crude oil. However, the current research is generally carried out under normal pressure. The crude oil is often stored in the depths of high pressure, and there is a certain pressure inside the pipeline during the transportation process. The pressure has an important effect on the fluidity of crude oil. It is necessary to systematically study the flow characteristics of crude oil and the depressant effect of polymer depressant under high pressure. Two kinds of polymer depressants based on maleic anhydride-偽-olefin copolymers were prepared. One was a series of MAC-24-18 and MAC-18-18 copolymers containing fat side chains. The other is the aromatic side chain AMAC.NMAC and ANMAC series copolymers. The structure of the polymer was analyzed by 1H-NMRs. The effects of alkyl chain length and side chain aromaticity on oil fluidity and wax crystallization were investigated by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the comb-type copolymers could effectively reduce the yield value of waxy model oil. The morphology of wax crystal and the distribution of polymer in waxy model oil were observed by fluorescence microscope, and it was found that the type of side chain group had great influence on the process of wax crystallization. The morphology of wax crystal is changed mainly by eutectic method, while the morphology of wax crystal is mainly changed by means of eutectic method, while the polymer AMA Con NMAC and ANMAC series containing aromatic ring play the role of dispersing wax crystal mainly through the mechanism of adsorption and repellent. The rheological properties of waxy crude oil under different static pressures were investigated. At the same time, by promoting the crystallization process of paraffin in crude oil, the crude oil has higher waxing point and yield stress. The effect of aromatic and non-aromatic copolymers on reducing yield value of crude oil under high pressure is investigated. It is found that the effect of these two kinds of polymers on waxy oil is different under atmospheric pressure and high pressure. The additive grafted with aromatic polymer can significantly reduce the yield stress of waxy crude oil under normal pressure. However, the effect of reducing the yield stress of crude oil at high pressure increases slowly, while the MAC series copolymers can eutectic with the wax in crude oil at high pressure and atmospheric pressure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：O631.1;TE39

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本文編號(hào)：1592082