本文選題：壓裂泵　切入點：柱塞密封　出處：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國頁巖氣主要分布在山區(qū),山區(qū)地形復(fù)雜,同時作業(yè)面積狹小,控制開采設(shè)備的數(shù)量和占地面積顯得尤其重要,用大功率的壓裂設(shè)備代替目前小功率的壓裂設(shè)備可以做到減少壓裂設(shè)備的數(shù)量。隨著壓裂設(shè)備的功率增大,對柱塞的密封提出了更高的要求。柱塞的密封結(jié)構(gòu)在防止壓裂液泄漏,提高壓裂泵容積效率以及保證壓裂設(shè)備正常運轉(zhuǎn)中起到重要作用。本文對6500HP型壓裂泵柱塞密封結(jié)構(gòu)進行設(shè)計,并對密封圈的材料、形狀進行選型,進而應(yīng)用有限元對6500HP型壓裂泵柱塞密封圈在工作狀態(tài)下進行仿真,模擬柱塞密封圈的密封性能。在分析過程中對密封圈的幾何非線性、材料非線性以及狀態(tài)非線性加以考慮,研究柱塞密封效果的相關(guān)影響因素,研究了機械滯后生熱以及摩擦生熱對密封圈溫度場的影響,對柱塞密封圈進行熱應(yīng)力耦合分析。對柱塞的密封間隙進行研究,研究內(nèi)容與所得結(jié)論如下:1、對橡膠密封圈的結(jié)構(gòu)進行理論分析和建模。通過對V型密封圈結(jié)構(gòu)進行改進設(shè)計,運用橡膠的結(jié)構(gòu)非線性理論和材料的超彈性理對柱塞密封圈建立了有限元模型,并對其進行研究分析。研究結(jié)果表明:V型密封圈唇部夾角處以及下唇部接近柱塞外側(cè)部分最容易發(fā)生失效,其中柱塞與密封圈相對運動的過程中發(fā)生摩擦,由于摩擦的存在,使得柱塞密封圈的壽命減少,同時壓裂泵內(nèi)壓裂液的工作壓力以及柱塞與密封圈之間的摩擦系數(shù)對壓裂泵柱塞密封效果也有重要影響。2、對柱塞密封圈溫度場進行分析。運用傳熱學(xué)理論,對柱塞密封圈的熱源進行分析。在壓裂泵工作過程中,柱塞與密封圈相對滑動,滑動過程中密封圈熱量來源主要有兩塊:第一塊是柱塞與密封圈之間的滑動摩擦產(chǎn)生的熱量,這部分熱量主要集中在活塞和密封圈接觸的部分,使密封圈內(nèi)唇溫度身高;第二塊是由于密封圈工作過程中,橡膠材料的機械滯后因素生成的熱量。通過V型圈的結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出,唇部橡膠材料少于背部,機械滯后現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在密封圈背部靠近中心的位置。在滑動摩擦和機械滯后兩種因素作用下使得柱塞密封圈的局部溫度升高,同時由于壓裂液溫度的升高以及壓裂液工作壓力的增大也會造成柱塞密封圈的溫度升高。3、對密封圈的溫度-結(jié)構(gòu)進行耦合分析。通過將密封圈工作過程中密封圈的溫度升高造成密封圈內(nèi)部應(yīng)力變化的結(jié)果反饋到結(jié)構(gòu)分析中的應(yīng)力場,反饋結(jié)果顯示:在環(huán)境溫度較低時,橡膠熱脹冷縮,造成密封材料的彈性下降,隨著密封圈彈性的下降會導(dǎo)致密封效果不佳,密封不嚴,因此泄漏量會隨之增加,由于密封圈彈性下降可能造成密封圈局部發(fā)生龜裂現(xiàn)象,龜裂發(fā)生后,使得密封圈的彈性無法恢復(fù);高溫也容易使橡膠密封圈氧化,引起密封圈老化、變形,使得密封圈的張力,彈性以及硬度都會有很大程度的降低。4、對柱塞密封間隙進行建模。通過對柱塞密封圈密封間隙的仿真,分析間隙大小、入口壓力、泄漏量三者之間存在的關(guān)聯(lián),并借助于仿真分析后,獲得研究結(jié)果為:當入口壓力和間隙大小不斷擴大時,泄漏量也會同步發(fā)生增大現(xiàn)象,并及即便間隙出現(xiàn)細微的變動,泄漏量也會引發(fā)巨大變化。
[Abstract]:Shale gas in China are mainly distributed in the mountainous area, mountainous terrain, while the operation area is small, the number of devices and control mining area is particularly important, fracturing equipment with high power to replace the current fracturing equipment small power can reduce the number of fracturing equipment. With the increase of power fracturing equipment, put forward higher requirements on the plunger seal. The sealing structure of the plunger in the fracturing fluid to prevent leakage, improve the volumetric efficiency and ensure the fracturing pump plays an important role in the normal operation of fracturing equipment. In this paper, the 6500HP type fracturing pump plunger seal structure was designed, and the seal material selection, shape, and then the application of finite element of 6500HP sealing ring fracturing pump plunger is simulated in the working state, the sealing performance of the sealing ring of the plunger. Simulation in the analysis process of the sealing ring with geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity The nonlinear state and related factors into consideration, the sealing effect of the plunger, studied the influence of mechanical hysteresis heat and friction heat on the temperature field of the sealing ring, sealing ring of the piston thermal stress coupled analysis. Research on the plunger seal gap, research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. Theoretical analysis and modeling of the structure of rubber sealing ring. The sealing ring structure to improve the design of V type, using the structure of rubber material nonlinear theory and super elastic sealing ring on the plunger and a finite element model was established and analyzed. The results show that the V type seal lip angle and lower lip close to the plunger the lateral part of the most prone to failure, the friction piston and seals the relative motion of the process, due to the existence of friction, reduce the life of plunger seals, and fracturing pump In the fracturing fluid working pressure and the friction coefficient between the plunger and the seal ring sealing effect of plunger has important effect on.2, piston seal temperature field is analyzed. The theory of heat transfer, the heat source of piston seal were analyzed. In the process of fracturing pump, the plunger and the seal ring relative slip. In the process of sliding ring heat sources are mainly two: the first one is sliding friction of the plunger and the seal between the heat generated, the heat is mainly concentrated on the piston and the sealing ring contact part, the seal lip temperature within the circle of the second block is high; because the sealing process, rubber machinery the heat produced by lag factors. Structure of V ring can be seen, the lip rubber material is less than the back, mechanical hysteresis phenomenon occurs in the sealing ring back near the center. The sliding friction and machine The local temperature lag two factors under the action of the piston seal increases, while temperature increases due to increase of fracturing fluid and fracturing fluid pressure can cause the piston seal temperature.3, coupling analysis of sealing ring temperature structure. The sealing ring of the sealing ring temperature increase caused by the sealing ring of the internal stress of the feedback to the structure analysis of the stress field, feedback the results show that: in the low temperature, thermal expansion and contraction of rubber sealing material, resulting in decreased elasticity, with decreasing elastic sealing ring will lead to poor sealing effect, the seal is not strict, so the leakage volume will increase the elastic sealing ring, sealing ring may lead to the decrease in local cracking, cracking, the sealing ring can not restore the elasticity; high temperature is also easy to make rubber seals caused by oxidation,. Sealing ring aging, deformation, making ring tension, elasticity and hardness will greatly reduce.4, seal clearance on the plunger is modeled. Through the simulation of the plunger sealing ring seal gap analysis, the size of the gap between the entrance pressure, leakage of the three related, and with the help of simulation analysis the results obtained, as the entrance pressure and the gap size continues to expand, the leakage will occur simultaneously to increase the phenomenon, and even subtle changes in the gap, leakage will lead to great changes.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE934.2

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