本文選題：裂縫　切入點：微凸體　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在裂縫性地層中進行鉆井和生產(chǎn)時,常由于裂縫開度的變化而引起堵漏失效、儲層應(yīng)力敏感等一系列工程問題。研究裂縫的閉合行為,建立裂縫閉合模型來預(yù)測其開度的變化能夠有效解決以上問題。裂縫的宏觀閉合變形來源于細(xì)觀尺度下的微凸體變形,前人在對微凸體的力學(xué)行為進行假設(shè)后建立了眾多的裂縫閉合模型。但目前尚未有針對巖石微凸體力學(xué)性質(zhì)的實驗研究,人們也并不清楚其實際變形過程。因此開展針對微凸體力學(xué)性質(zhì)的研究,有助于進一步從細(xì)觀角度認(rèn)識裂縫的閉合變形機理,有利于降低裂縫性地層中的鉆井成本和提升裂縫性油氣藏的開采效果。本文以四川須家河組致密砂巖為研究對象,基于巖石細(xì)觀力學(xué),以CT掃描技術(shù)、力學(xué)實驗、數(shù)值仿真為手段,對微凸體的細(xì)觀非均質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)及其力學(xué)性質(zhì)進行了系統(tǒng)地研究。本文完成的主要研究內(nèi)容如下：(1)利用高精度顯微CT機掃描重構(gòu)了真實微凸體的細(xì)觀非均質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu),并結(jié)合巖石薄片礦物分析結(jié)果,建立了真實微凸體的細(xì)觀非均質(zhì)模型。該模型直觀地展示了微凸體的外表形貌和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),為后期的數(shù)值仿真提供了基礎(chǔ)。(2)進行了一系列的微凸體力學(xué)實驗。在微凸體單調(diào)加載實驗中,獲得了微凸體受壓變形的全程法向載荷—變形量曲線。對比后發(fā)現(xiàn)Hertz接觸理論預(yù)測結(jié)果偏離了實驗實測數(shù)據(jù)。在微凸體循環(huán)加載實驗中,發(fā)現(xiàn)循環(huán)加載后微凸體的剛度會得到提升,但同時也在累積損傷。(3)將細(xì)觀非均質(zhì)模型與有限元仿真結(jié)合,發(fā)現(xiàn)微凸體的細(xì)觀非均質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)對其變形造成了影響,從而表現(xiàn)出了尺寸效應(yīng)。通過以上的研究,獲得了真實微凸體的實際外表形貌和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),了解了微凸體的實際變形過程。這有助于揭示工況變化下的地層裂縫空間動態(tài)變化與流動特征、井筒-地層耦合流動規(guī)律。同時還能為精細(xì)控壓鉆井、隨鉆堵漏、隨鉆儲層評價、儲層保護等多個領(lǐng)域的深入研究提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Drilling and production in fractured rocks, often due to the crack opening change caused by plugging failure, the reservoir should be sensitive to force a series of engineering problems. Study on crack closure behavior, the establishment of crack closure model to predict the opening change can effectively solve the above problems. The macro deformation of closed crack source in the micro asperity deformation scale, established crack closure model in many of the assumptions of the micro mechanical behavior of convex bodies. But there had been no experimental study on rock mechanical properties of the micro convex body, people do not know the actual deformation process. So the research of asperities on mechanical properties a closed, help to further understanding of the meso cracks deformation mechanism, to reduce the cost of drilling in the fractured formation and enhance the fractured oil and gas reservoir exploitation effect. Taking Sichuan to home The river was tight sandstone as the research object, the rock meso mechanics based on CT scanning technology, mechanics experiment, numerical simulation method of asperity micro inhomogeneous structure and its mechanical properties were systematically studied. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the use of high precision micro CT scanning the reconstruction of the micro heterogeneous structure of micro convex body, and combined with the mineral rock thin section analysis, establish the real micro convex body micro heterogeneous model. The model visually shows the micro convex body surface morphology and internal structure, provides the basis for later simulation (2) of the numbers. The micro convex body mechanics experiment. In a series of micro convex monotonic loading experiment, obtained the whole method of asperity deformation to the load deformation curve. Compared with the theory of Hertz prediction results deviate from the experimental data. In the micro convex body Cyclic loading experiment, found after cyclic loading of micro convex body stiffness can be enhanced, but also the cumulative damage. (3) the micro heterogeneity model combined with the finite element simulation, micro convex body micro heterogeneous structure deformation caused by the impact, thus showing the size effect through the above research, the actual surface morphology and inner structure of real asperity, understand the asperity of the actual deformation. It is helpful to reveal the formation of cracks under the condition of spatial dynamic change and flow characteristics, flow regularity and wellbore formation coupling. But also for the fine controlled pressure drilling, with the plugging drilling drilling, reservoir evaluation, provides a theoretical basis for further research in many fields of reservoir protection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TE21

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