本文選題：巖相　切入點(diǎn)：儲(chǔ)層　出處：《中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為深入了解柴達(dá)木盆地北緣(柴北緣)東段石炭系克魯克組泥頁巖油氣地質(zhì)基本特征,本文主要運(yùn)用沉積學(xué)、儲(chǔ)層地質(zhì)學(xué)和油氣地球化學(xué)等理論,采用野外地質(zhì)剖面踏勘和實(shí)測(cè)、巖心精細(xì)觀察描述及室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)分析方法對(duì)泥頁巖的巖相及儲(chǔ)層特征進(jìn)行了研究,取得的成果如下。通過野外剖面踏勘和實(shí)測(cè),對(duì)柴北緣東段石炭系克魯克組泥頁巖縱向發(fā)育特征進(jìn)行了研究,結(jié)果表明克魯克組泥頁巖發(fā)育狀況良好,累計(jì)厚度大于360m,其中克一段泥頁巖厚60m、泥地比達(dá)92.6%,是泥頁巖發(fā)育最好的層段。巖石薄片鑒定及全巖X射線衍射分析結(jié)果表明,柴北緣東段克魯克組泥頁巖礦物組成以石英和粘土礦物為主,粘土礦物主要為伊蒙混層礦物;巖石平均粒度為中粉砂-粗粉砂級(jí);沉積構(gòu)造以潮汐層理、塊狀層理、同沉積變形構(gòu)造和成巖結(jié)核構(gòu)造為主。綜合泥頁巖的平均粒度、層理構(gòu)造、顏色和碳酸鹽含量特征,將克魯克組泥頁巖劃分為黑色紋層狀泥質(zhì)中粉砂巖相、灰黑色條帶狀泥質(zhì)粗粉砂巖、灰黑色條帶狀含灰-灰質(zhì)泥質(zhì)粗粉砂巖相和黑色紋層狀含生物碎屑泥質(zhì)中粉砂巖相等6種巖相類型。泥頁巖主要發(fā)育在潮坪、瀉湖及局限臺(tái)地環(huán)境中,頻繁的古水深變化引起的沉積環(huán)境改變是形成不同類型巖相的主要原因�？唆斂私M泥頁巖成巖作用類型主要有壓實(shí)作用、碳酸鹽膠結(jié)作用、交代作用和粘土礦物轉(zhuǎn)化作用,巖石整體處于中成巖A2-B演化階段。泥頁巖孔隙度在0.69%~5.55%之間,均值為2.1%,滲透率在0.01~2.21mD之間,均值為0.39mD;儲(chǔ)集空間分為孔隙和裂縫兩種類型,其中孔隙包括粘土礦物晶間孔、有機(jī)質(zhì)粒內(nèi)孔、生物碎屑粒內(nèi)孔和溶蝕孔隙,裂縫包括順層裂縫、構(gòu)造裂縫、異常壓力縫和有機(jī)質(zhì)粒內(nèi)縫。黑色紋層狀泥質(zhì)中粉砂巖相和灰黑色條帶狀泥質(zhì)粗粉砂巖相由于單層厚度較大、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高、脆性強(qiáng)、儲(chǔ)集性能良好,是有利的巖相類型。持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的潮坪環(huán)境可形成較大厚度、連續(xù)的泥頁巖沉積,是有利巖相發(fā)育的基礎(chǔ);相對(duì)較高的石英含量提高了泥頁巖的脆性,是有利巖相發(fā)育的重要因素;成巖作用對(duì)于有利巖相發(fā)育的影響具有兩面性,較高的有機(jī)質(zhì)熱演化程度有利于有機(jī)質(zhì)粒內(nèi)孔(縫)和溶蝕孔隙的形成,對(duì)有利巖相的形成有利,碳酸鹽的致密膠結(jié)對(duì)于孔隙和裂縫具有充填破壞作用,不利于有利巖相的形成。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the basic characteristics of shale oil and gas geology of Carboniferous Kruke formation in the eastern section of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin (northern margin of Qaidam Basin), this paper mainly uses the theories of sedimentology, reservoir geology and oil and gas geochemistry, etc. In this paper, the lithofacies and reservoir characteristics of shale are studied by means of field geological profile exploration and measurement, core fine observation description and laboratory experimental analysis. The results obtained are as follows. The longitudinal development characteristics of Carboniferous mud shale of Kruke formation in the eastern part of the northern margin of Qaihai are studied. The results show that the mud shale of the Kruke formation is developing well. The accumulative thickness is more than 360 m, in which the shale of Ke Yi section is 60 m thick, and the mud ground is 92.6 m, which is the best section of shale development. The identification of rock slice and X-ray diffraction analysis of the whole rock show that, The shale minerals of the Kruke formation in the eastern part of the northern margin of Qaidam are mainly composed of quartz and clay minerals, the clay minerals are mainly immonitic minerals, the average granularity of the rocks is medium silty sand and coarse silt grade, the sedimentary structure is tidal stratification and block bedding, According to the characteristics of average grain size, bedding structure, color and carbonate content of shale shale, the clay shale of Kruke formation can be divided into siltstone facies with black grain layer and mudstone, which is mainly composed of sedimentary deformed structure and diagenetic nodule structure, and is characterized by its average grain size, bedding structure, color and carbonate content. The gray-black striped muddy coarse siltstone, the gray-black banded gray-lime-argillaceous coarse siltstone facies and the black laminated bioclastic mudstone are equal to six lithofacies types. In lagoon and confined platform environment, the sedimentary environment change caused by frequent paleodepth change is the main reason for the formation of different types of lithofacies. The shale diagenesis types of Kruke formation are mainly compaction and carbonate cementation. In metasomatism and clay mineral transformation, the whole rock is in the A2-B evolution stage of middle diagenesis. The porosity of shale is between 0.69% and 5.55%, the mean value is 2.1%, the permeability is 0.01mD and the average value is 0.39mD. the reservoir space is divided into two types: porosity and fracture. The pores include intergranular pores of clay minerals, intergranular pores of organic matter, inner pores of bioclastic grains and dissolved pores, and fractures include bedding fractures and structural fractures. Abnormal pressure fractures and organic plasmids. The siltstone facies and the gray-black stripe muddy coarse siltstone facies in the layer of black grain are characterized by large monolayer thickness, high organic matter content, strong brittleness, and good reservoir properties. The relatively high quartz content increases the brittleness of shale, which is the basis of favorable lithofacies development, which can be formed in a stable tidal flat environment with large thickness and continuous mud shale deposition, and a relatively high quartz content increases the brittleness of mudstone shale, and a relatively high quartz content increases the brittleness of shale. Diagenesis has a dual effect on favorable lithofacies development. A higher degree of thermal evolution of organic matter is favorable to the formation of organic matter inner pores (fractures) and dissolution pores, and favorable to the formation of favorable lithofacies. The dense cementation of carbonate has the effect of filling and destroying the pores and fractures, which is not conducive to the formation of lithofacies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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本文編號(hào)：1587019