本文選題：管道泄漏檢測　切入點：次聲波　出處：《東北石油大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：為了保障管道的安全生產,管道泄漏檢測技術是最為重要的手段。在進入21世紀以后,人們對管道泄漏檢測提出了檢測管道的微小泄漏、提高泄漏點的定位精度、提高系統(tǒng)對泄漏判斷的準確率等要求。天然氣管道泄漏產生的次聲波信號屬于非平穩(wěn)信號,并且在管道中傳播時受到嚴重的外界干擾,導致泄漏的誤判率高,且定位不準確。自適應時頻分析方法是分析非平穩(wěn)信號的重要手段,針對天然氣管道泄漏產生的次聲波信號的特征,本文利用自適應最優(yōu)核(AOK)時頻分析算法,通過短時模糊函數(shù)和隨時間變化的自適應最優(yōu)核,實現(xiàn)管道內聲信號的時頻處理和時頻特征的提取,提高管道泄漏判斷和泄漏點定位精度,并結合Lab VIEW和MATLAB編程實現(xiàn)天然氣管道泄漏檢測系統(tǒng)。本文主要工作有:1、對現(xiàn)有常用的幾種時頻分析算法的基本理論進行研究,并對這幾種時頻分析算法的優(yōu)缺點進行對比。對比結果表明AOK具有較高的時間、頻率分辨率以及時頻聚集特性,并且能夠有效的抑制信號的交叉干擾項,用于天然氣管道泄漏產生的次聲波信號分析是一種理想的方法。2、根據(jù)天然氣管道泄漏產生次聲波的原理,對次聲波在天然氣管道中的傳播、以及根據(jù)次聲波對管道泄漏進行檢測以及泄漏點的定位方法進行了研究。最后利用AOK時頻分析算法對天然氣管道泄漏產生的次聲波信號進行時頻處理,并將處理結果和其他幾種時頻分析算法進行對比,對比結果發(fā)現(xiàn),AOK時頻分析能夠對管道泄漏產生的次聲波信號進行準確的判斷,并能準確的提取出泄漏發(fā)生的時間,對管道泄漏的判斷和泄漏點定位精度的提高有較大的優(yōu)勢。3、根據(jù)現(xiàn)場的實際要求,利用圖形化編程軟件Lab VIEW對整個天然氣管道泄漏檢測系統(tǒng)的下位機采集系統(tǒng)、上位機監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸進行了詳細的設計。其中下位機采集系統(tǒng)主要包括管道聲波信號的采集、聲波數(shù)據(jù)的處理和特征提取、系統(tǒng)授時等模塊的設計;系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸主要包含兩種不同數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式的發(fā)送和接收模塊的設計;上位機監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)主要包括了管道泄漏的判斷、泄漏點的定位和報警、系統(tǒng)相關的數(shù)據(jù)顯示、存儲和查詢、管道泄漏檢測系統(tǒng)的權限管理等模塊的設計。4、對編寫的天然氣管道泄漏檢測系統(tǒng)在實驗室環(huán)境和現(xiàn)場實際運行環(huán)境下進行測試。測試結果表明,該系統(tǒng)能夠有效的對天然氣管道發(fā)生的小泄漏進行檢測并定位,定位精度符合現(xiàn)場的實際要求。
[Abstract]:In order to ensure the safety of pipeline production, pipeline leak detection technology is the most important means. After 21th century, people put forward to detect the small leakage of pipeline, improve the location accuracy of leak point. The infrasonic wave signal produced by natural gas pipeline leakage belongs to non-stationary signal and is seriously disturbed by the outside world when it propagates in the pipeline, which leads to high misjudgment rate of leakage. Adaptive time-frequency analysis method is an important method to analyze non-stationary signals. According to the characteristics of infrasonic signals produced by natural gas pipeline leakage, the adaptive optimal kernel AOK-based time-frequency analysis algorithm is used in this paper. By using the short time ambiguity function and the adaptive optimal kernel with time variation, the time-frequency processing and time-frequency feature extraction of acoustic signals in pipeline are realized, and the leak judgement and leak location accuracy are improved. The leakage detection system of natural gas pipeline is programmed by Lab VIEW and MATLAB. In this paper, the basic theory of several commonly used time-frequency analysis algorithms is studied. The advantages and disadvantages of these time-frequency analysis algorithms are compared. The results show that AOK has higher time and frequency resolution and can effectively suppress the cross-interference of the signal. The analysis of infrasonic wave signal produced by natural gas pipeline leakage is an ideal method. 2. According to the principle of infrasonic wave produced by natural gas pipeline leakage, the transmission of infrasonic wave in natural gas pipeline is studied. Based on the infrasonic wave detection of pipeline leakage and the location method of leak point, the time frequency analysis algorithm of AOK is used to process the infrasonic wave signal produced by natural gas pipeline leakage. By comparing the processing results with other time-frequency analysis algorithms, it is found that AOK time-frequency analysis can accurately judge the infrasonic signals produced by pipeline leakage, and can accurately extract the time of leakage. The judgement of pipeline leakage and the improvement of leak location accuracy have great advantages. According to the actual requirements of the field, the lower computer acquisition system of the whole natural gas pipeline leakage detection system is obtained by using the graphical programming software Lab VIEW. The monitoring system of upper computer and the transmission of system data are designed in detail, in which the acquisition system of lower computer mainly includes the collection of pipeline acoustic signal, the processing and feature extraction of acoustic data, the design of system timing module. The transmission of system data mainly includes the design of transmission and receiving modules of two different data transmission modes. The monitoring system of upper computer mainly includes the judgment of pipeline leakage, the location and alarm of leak point, the display of relevant data of the system. The design of storage and query module, authority management of pipeline leak detection system, etc., tests the developed natural gas pipeline leak detection system in laboratory environment and field operation environment. The test results show that, The system can effectively detect and locate the small leakage occurring in natural gas pipeline, and the positioning accuracy is in line with the actual requirements of the field.
【學位授予單位】：東北石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE973.6

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