發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-06 08:01

  本文選題：二氧化鈦納米線　切入點(diǎn)：光催化降解　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國(guó)大部分油田已進(jìn)入開發(fā)的中后期,油田采出水量的不斷增大,部分油田已經(jīng)無法完全回注,因此含油污水的達(dá)標(biāo)排放就成了油田公司環(huán)境保護(hù)工作中面臨的一大難題。含油污水的成分也越來復(fù)雜,除含有常規(guī)的石油類、懸浮物等以外,還含有乙酸、丙酸、環(huán)己酸、辛酸等低級(jí)脂肪酸,以及苯酚類化合物和甲苯、鄰二甲苯、間二甲苯、對(duì)二甲苯等苯系物,還有氯化物、硫化物等無機(jī)污染物,常用的表面活性劑中還含有十二烷基硫酸鈉等無機(jī)鈉鹽,處理不當(dāng)會(huì)對(duì)嚴(yán)重影響油田周邊地表、地下水環(huán)境。本文建立了100g級(jí)二氧化鈦納米線的合成方法,開發(fā)了實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)小型光催化降解裝置,并設(shè)計(jì)出實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)模污水連續(xù)光催化降解裝置,為工業(yè)化裝置研發(fā)打下了良好基礎(chǔ)。成功合成銳鈦礦型二氧化鈦單晶納米線催化劑。采用XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、HRTEM等技術(shù)對(duì)催化劑的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、能帶、表面形貌和顆粒尺寸等表征結(jié)果表明,獲得的二氧化鈦納米線為銳鈦礦相單晶,線體,合成的二氧化鈦催化劑催化活性高,與P25相當(dāng),且易于回收,經(jīng)循環(huán)使用后催化效率無明顯下降。對(duì)有機(jī)廢水中常見的多種有機(jī)物和含油污水降解實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,采用合成的二氧化鈦納米線光催化處理有機(jī)污水處理效果好,沒有明顯的選擇性,含油污水經(jīng)處理后COD可以降到《污水綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB8978-1996(1999年局部修訂)中的一級(jí)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下。二氧化鈦納米線光催化對(duì)含油污水中的苯系物有比較明顯的去除作用,當(dāng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間為6h時(shí),廢水中苯的濃度為72.35μg/L,其他苯系物的去除率都在為95%以上,出水完全滿足《污水綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB8978-1996(1999年局部修訂)中的第二類污染物最高允許排放濃度一級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, most of the oil fields in China have entered the middle and late stage of development, and the production capacity of the oil fields is increasing continuously, and some of the oilfields can no longer be completely injected back. Therefore, the standard discharge of oily sewage has become a major problem in the environmental protection work of oil field companies. The composition of oily sewage has become more and more complicated. In addition to the conventional petroleum, suspended matter and so on, it also contains acetic acid, propionic acid, cyclohexanoic acid, etc. Lower fatty acids such as octanoic acid, phenol compounds and toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and other benzene series, as well as inorganic pollutants such as chlorides, sulfides, etc. The commonly used surfactants also contain inorganic sodium salts such as sodium 12 alkyl sulfate. Improper treatment will seriously affect the surface of the oil field and the groundwater environment. In this paper, a synthetic method of 100g titanium dioxide nanowires has been established. A small photocatalytic degradation device was developed in the laboratory, and a continuous photocatalytic degradation device for wastewater on a laboratory scale was designed. The results show that the crystal structure, energy band, surface morphology and particle size of the catalyst are characterized by XRDX XPS Sem Tem TEM. The synthesized TIO _ 2 nanowires are anatase phase single crystal, the synthesized titanium dioxide catalyst has high catalytic activity, is comparable to P25, and is easy to be recovered. After recycling, the catalytic efficiency was not significantly decreased. The results of degradation experiments of organic wastewater and oily wastewater showed that the synthetic titanium dioxide nanowires were effective in photocatalytic treatment of organic wastewater. There is no obvious selectivity. After treatment, the COD of oily sewage can be reduced below the first class discharge standard in Integrated sewage discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996) (partially revised in 1999). Titanium dioxide nanowire photocatalysis has obvious removal effect on benzene series in oily sewage. When the reaction time is 6h, the concentration of benzene in wastewater is 72.35 渭 g / L, and the removal rate of other benzenes is above 95%. The effluent completely meets the first standard limit of the maximum allowable discharge concentration of the second kind of pollutants in GB8978-1996 (partially revised in 1999).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X741

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本文編號(hào)：1573984