本文選題：常減壓蒸餾　切入點：切割溫度　出處：《西安石油大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著國內(nèi)原油加工能力的進一步過剩,現(xiàn)有裝置的節(jié)能提質(zhì)增效將成為各煉化企業(yè)“十三五”期間技改的重要方向之一。常減壓蒸餾裝置作為原油深度加工的基礎(chǔ),充分的分餾可以保證目標產(chǎn)品的收率和質(zhì)量、下游裝置的生產(chǎn)和全廠經(jīng)濟效益。減壓深拔技術(shù)可以通過在現(xiàn)有重質(zhì)餾分油切割溫度的基礎(chǔ)上提高溫度,增加餾分油拔出率。一方面溫度作為最關(guān)鍵的條件,通常采用提高減壓爐出口溫度的方法來進行深拔,但提高溫度的同時不可避免的會面臨結(jié)焦,且不同性質(zhì)油品的結(jié)焦性也各有不同。另一方面是否進行減壓深拔還需要根據(jù)油品中雜質(zhì)分布和重質(zhì)減壓餾分油的性質(zhì)用途決定。因此研究不同油品的結(jié)焦過程中變化規(guī)律及不同切割溫度下減壓蠟油的性質(zhì)對提高爐溫及切割溫度具有理論性的指導(dǎo)作用。本文將環(huán)烷基、中間基、石蠟基三種常渣原料經(jīng)熱反應(yīng),得到不同溫度及不同停留時間下生焦曲線,同時根據(jù)原料性質(zhì)得出結(jié)論,當溫度達到415℃該環(huán)烷基油樣停留時間需在8min前為宜,且溫度應(yīng)嚴格控制在420℃以下,中間基、石蠟基油樣因反應(yīng)溫度對生焦影響變化緩慢,可控制10min前或根據(jù)工況適量延長停留時間在提高爐溫的情況控制結(jié)焦量。對不同反應(yīng)溫度油樣進行極性八組分分離,并與生焦量進行關(guān)聯(lián),得到關(guān)聯(lián)式Y(jié)=0.6929K+0.0988,相關(guān)系數(shù)0.9643。分別測定三種常渣原料不同反應(yīng)溫度下油樣元素組成,并對生焦明顯的環(huán)烷基樣品,以核磁共振氫譜,結(jié)合紅外光譜分析及元素組成、平均分子量等數(shù)據(jù),用改進的Brown-Ladner計算渣油平均結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明,該環(huán)烷基油H/C比接近1.5,質(zhì)量較差,不易于輕質(zhì)化。其余兩種渣油質(zhì)量好一些,易于輕質(zhì)化。且隨著反應(yīng)溫度的升高,三種油樣的H/C依次減少。環(huán)烷基油樣隨著溫度的升高,芳碳率fA和分子量逐漸增大,烷基碳率fP逐漸減小。將三種油樣進行克氏蒸餾并對不同溫度減壓餾分的金屬含量進行測定。研究結(jié)果表明,該石蠟基油可以在540℃基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)進行深拔,提高蠟油的收率。而中間基、環(huán)烷基油雖然重金屬(Ni+V)含量也較低但是經(jīng)減壓深拔后渣油粘度較大,考慮深拔溫度在540℃左右為宜。
[Abstract]:With the further excess domestic crude oil processing capacity, quality and efficiency of the existing energy-saving device will become one of the important direction of the enterprise "in 13th Five-Year." during the transformation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit as the basis for deep processing of crude oil, the fractionation can ensure the yield and quality of target products, downstream equipment production and plant vacuum deep economic benefits. Pull technology can be based on existing cutting temperature of heavy oil on the increase in temperature, increase the distillate pull-out rate. On the one hand the temperature as the most critical condition, usually adopts the method of increasing temperature for deep cut vacuum furnace, but also improve the temperature inevitably face the coking, coking and different properties the oil is also different. On the other hand, whether deep vacuum distillation also need to use oil according to the nature of the impurity distribution and heavy VGO will . changes of the coking process so the research on different oil and different cutting properties of VGO temperature to improve temperature and cutting temperature has a guiding role in the theory. This paper will ring alkyl, intermediate base, paraffin base three common slag material by thermal reaction, different temperature and different retention time of coke at the same time curve, according to raw material concluded that, when the temperature reaches 415 DEG C of the naphthenic oil samples for residence time should be in the 8min, and the temperature should be strictly controlled at 420 DEG C, intermediate base, paraffin base oil samples due to change of reaction temperature on coke effect is slow, can control the 10min or according to the condition of prolonged the residence time in the amount of coke improve temperature control. The polarity of the separation of the eight components of different reaction temperature of oil, and were associated with the coke yield, correlations of Y=0.6929K+0.0988, correlation coefficient 0.9643. respectively were measured in three Ordinary slag under different reaction temperature of oil sample elements, and the coke naphthenic samples obviously, by 1H NMR, IR and elemental composition analysis, the average molecular weight data, calculate the average structural parameters of residual oil with improved Brown-Ladner. The results show that the naphthenic oil ratio close to H/C 1.5, poor quality, not easy to light. The remaining two residue in good quality, easy to light. And with the increase of reaction temperature, three oil samples of H/C decrease successively. The naphthenic oil sample with the increase of temperature, the aromatic carbon rate of fA and molecular weight gradually increased, fP decreased rate of alkyl carbon. Three kinds of oil samples were distilled and gram metal content in different temperature vacuum fraction were determined. The results showed that the paraffin base oil can continue deep drawing at 540 degrees on the basis of improving oil yield. The intermediate base, although heavily naphthenic base oil The content of the genus (Ni+V) is also low, but the viscosity of the residual oil is larger after the decompression and deep drawing. It is suitable for the deep drawing temperature to be about 540 C.

【學位授予單位】：西安石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE96

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