本文關(guān)鍵詞： 頁巖氣藏 非穩(wěn)態(tài) 水平井 多級(jí)壓裂 壓力動(dòng)態(tài) 產(chǎn)量遞減　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為非常規(guī)能源的頁巖氣因其巨大的地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量受到了全球的廣泛關(guān)注,也使得我國對(duì)頁巖氣藏的勘探開發(fā)工作日漸重視。頁巖氣藏獨(dú)特的儲(chǔ)層特征、氣體賦存狀態(tài)特征以及儲(chǔ)層中氣體的微觀運(yùn)移特征導(dǎo)致其與常規(guī)氣藏有著很明顯的不同,其中包括頁巖儲(chǔ)層為特低孔、特低滲的致密儲(chǔ)層,頁巖氣藏中的甲烷同時(shí)以吸附態(tài)和游離態(tài)的方式賦存,儲(chǔ)層中氣體的滲流方式包含擴(kuò)散滲流以及達(dá)西滲流。目前對(duì)于頁巖氣井的壓力動(dòng)態(tài)分析和產(chǎn)量動(dòng)態(tài)分析大多是基于常規(guī)雙重介質(zhì)建立的,通常在氣藏滲流模型中忽略了吸附擴(kuò)散項(xiàng)。本文基于頁巖氣藏的儲(chǔ)層特征、氣體賦存狀態(tài)特征以及頁巖氣微觀運(yùn)移特征,建立了雙重介質(zhì)頁巖氣藏非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流數(shù)學(xué)模型,并應(yīng)用Laplace變換、點(diǎn)源函數(shù)等相應(yīng)數(shù)學(xué)方法得到了連續(xù)點(diǎn)源解,并在此基礎(chǔ)上分別建立了垂向頂?shù)追忾]、水平向無限大條件下的頁巖氣藏水平井和壓裂水平井滲流模型,并求得了兩種井型的無因次井底擬壓力和無因次產(chǎn)量,繪制了壓力和產(chǎn)量的典型曲線,進(jìn)行了壓力動(dòng)態(tài)分析和產(chǎn)量遞減分析。 本文通過研究得到了以下成果： (1)通過對(duì)頁巖氣藏儲(chǔ)層的地質(zhì)特征、氣體在頁巖儲(chǔ)層的賦存狀態(tài)特征以及天然氣在頁巖基質(zhì)和天然裂縫中的微觀運(yùn)移特征進(jìn)行研究,研究結(jié)果表明頁巖儲(chǔ)層為特低滲、特低孔且極其致密的儲(chǔ)層；吸附氣的儲(chǔ)集與儲(chǔ)層巖石、氣體性質(zhì)和外部環(huán)境都存在關(guān)聯(lián),總的說來儲(chǔ)層壓力越高、溫度越低、有機(jī)質(zhì)成熟度越高、含水量越低,頁巖儲(chǔ)層中吸附氣的儲(chǔ)集條件就越好；生產(chǎn)中隨著儲(chǔ)層壓力降低,吸附氣從頁巖基質(zhì)表面解吸,并在基質(zhì)中作對(duì)流和擴(kuò)散綜合作用下的擴(kuò)散滲流,流向基質(zhì)微孔隙或天然微裂縫。 (2)根據(jù)頁巖氣藏的儲(chǔ)層特征、氣體賦存狀態(tài)特征以及儲(chǔ)層中氣體的微觀運(yùn)移特征,結(jié)合雙重介質(zhì)滲流機(jī)理,建立了雙重介質(zhì)頁巖氣藏非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流數(shù)學(xué)模型,并應(yīng)用相應(yīng)數(shù)學(xué)物理方法求得了連續(xù)點(diǎn)源解。在此基礎(chǔ)之上建立了雙重介質(zhì)頁巖氣藏水平井滲流模型,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行求解,繪制了無因次擬壓力典型曲線和產(chǎn)量遞減典型曲線,進(jìn)行了壓力動(dòng)態(tài)和產(chǎn)量遞減的敏感性分析。 (3)在結(jié)合雙重介質(zhì)頁巖氣藏非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流數(shù)學(xué)模型以及頁巖氣藏水平井滲流模型的基礎(chǔ)上建立了適用于頁巖氣藏的壓裂水平井滲流模型,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行求解,繪制了雙重介質(zhì)頁巖氣藏壓裂水平井的無因次擬壓力典型曲線和產(chǎn)量遞減典型曲線,進(jìn)行了壓力動(dòng)態(tài)和產(chǎn)量遞減的敏感性分析。 (4)通過對(duì)比頁巖氣藏水平井壓裂前后的壓力動(dòng)態(tài)分布和產(chǎn)量遞減趨勢,結(jié)果表明壓裂后擬壓力典型曲線和產(chǎn)量遞減典型曲線較壓裂前總體趨勢相同,但壓裂后水平井的擬壓力增長幅度變小、產(chǎn)量遞減幅度變慢。
[Abstract]:Shale gas, as an unconventional energy source, has attracted worldwide attention due to its huge geological reserves, and has also made China pay more and more attention to the exploration and development of shale gas reservoirs. The characteristics of gas occurrence state and micro-migration of gas in reservoir make it very different from conventional gas reservoir, including shale reservoir is very low porosity, ultra-low permeability tight reservoir, Methane in shale gas reservoirs occurs in both adsorption and free states. The gas percolation modes in the reservoir include diffusion seepage and Darcy percolation. At present, the pressure dynamic analysis and production performance analysis of shale gas wells are mostly based on conventional dual media. The adsorption and diffusion term is usually neglected in gas reservoir percolation model. Based on the reservoir characteristics of shale gas reservoir, gas occurrence state and shale gas microscopic migration characteristics, a mathematical model of unsteady flow of shale gas reservoir with dual media is established in this paper. On the basis of Laplace transformation and point source function, the percolation models of horizontal well and fracturing horizontal well in shale gas reservoir under closed vertical roof and bottom and infinite horizontal direction are established respectively. The pseudo pressure and dimensionless production of two kinds of dimensionless wells are obtained, the typical curves of pressure and output are drawn, and the pressure dynamic analysis and production decline analysis are carried out. In this paper, the following results are obtained:. 1) by studying the geological characteristics of shale gas reservoir, the occurrence state of gas in shale reservoir and the microscopic migration characteristics of natural gas in shale matrix and natural fracture, the results show that the shale reservoir is extremely low permeability. The reservoir of adsorbed gas is related to reservoir rock, gas properties and external environment. Generally speaking, the higher the reservoir pressure, the lower the temperature, the higher the maturity of organic matter and the lower the water content. As the reservoir pressure decreases, the adsorbed gas desorbs from the shale matrix surface, and the diffusion and percolation of the gas in the shale matrix is carried out under the combined action of convection and diffusion. Flow to matrix micropores or natural microfractures. (2) according to the reservoir characteristics, gas occurrence state and gas microscopic migration characteristics of shale gas reservoir, combined with the mechanism of dual medium percolation, a mathematical model of unsteady percolation of shale gas reservoir with double medium is established. The continuous point source solution is obtained by using the corresponding mathematical and physical methods. On the basis of this, a horizontal well percolation model of dual medium shale gas reservoir is established and solved, and the dimensionless pseudo pressure typical curve and the production decline typical curve are drawn. Sensitivity analysis of pressure dynamics and production decline is carried out. Based on the mathematical model of unsteady percolation in shale gas reservoir with dual medium and horizontal well percolation model of shale gas reservoir, a fracturing horizontal well percolation model suitable for shale gas reservoir is established and solved. The dimensionless pseudo pressure typical curve and production decline typical curve of fractured horizontal well in dual medium shale gas reservoir are drawn, and the sensitivity analysis of pressure performance and production decline is carried out. 4) by comparing the pressure dynamic distribution and production decline trend before and after fracturing in shale gas reservoir horizontal wells, the results show that the typical pseudo pressure curve and the production decline typical curve after fracturing are the same as those before fracturing. But after fracturing, the pseudo-pressure increase range is smaller and the production decline range is slower.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE37

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