本文關鍵詞： 川東北 裂縫性儲層 溢流機理 高壓氣井 井控　出處：《西南石油大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：能源消費結構調整加速天然氣資源的勘探與開發(fā),川東北地區(qū)作為四川天然氣資源重點探區(qū)之一,也是“川氣東送”工程資源接替的重要陣地,加快川東北地區(qū)天然氣資源的勘探與開發(fā)意義重大。由于川東北地區(qū)陸相高壓裂縫性儲層地質條件復雜,鉆井過程中常常鉆遇儲層裂縫,容易導致突發(fā)性溢流,出現溢流情況后井控難度大,可能造成巨大的經濟損失和人員傷亡。因此迫切需要對該地區(qū)溢流機理展開深入研究。 本文在充分調研國內外多相流理論研究與井控理論研究進展的基礎上,結合川東北地區(qū)陸相高壓裂縫性儲層特點,對溢流的侵入、發(fā)生、發(fā)展及地面控制等過程展開系統(tǒng)的理論與實驗研究,主要開展了以下幾部分研究工作： (1)廣泛調研和總結了多相流理論研究、井控理論研究及裂縫性儲層氣侵溢流研究的進展。在此基礎上,深入分析了川東北地區(qū)高壓氣井鉆井過程中容易遭遇突發(fā)性溢流、處理難度大等特殊井控問題,據此提出了本文的研究方向及思路。 (2)開展了川東北地區(qū)地質特征分析。從川東北地區(qū)地質構造、儲層條件和巖心特征等方面分析了川東北地區(qū)陸相高壓裂縫性儲層面臨的復雜地質條件,發(fā)現該地區(qū)主要溢流層段為自流井組和須家河組,井深為4500-5500m,且表現為溢漏同存,鉆井現場典型溢流井特征為后續(xù)井筒溢流侵入模型與壓力分布規(guī)律模型的建立提供了基礎地質參數與工程參數。 (3)建立了井筒溢流動態(tài)侵入模型。在分析川東北地區(qū)陸相高壓裂縫性儲層溢流條件和溢漏規(guī)律的基礎上,利用氣體滲流理論建立了溢流發(fā)生時的侵入量計算模型,并利用川東北地區(qū)典型溢流井進行了實例計算,揭示了溢流的侵入及發(fā)生機理。 (4)開展了井筒壓力分布規(guī)律研究。根據前述建立的溢流侵入量計算模型,基于漂移流模型和氣液兩相流理論,建立了溢流井筒氣液兩相流數學模型,并借助計算機編程,采用有限差分法求解該模型,認識地層氣體侵入井筒后從重力置換溢流向欠平衡溢流轉換并不斷發(fā)展變化的過程。 (5)開展了井筒氣體運移規(guī)律實驗與仿真研究。根據相似理論設計并搭建了氣侵溢流實驗系統(tǒng)臺架,真實觀測氣體侵入井筒后的運移規(guī)律及井底壓力變化情況,發(fā)現井筒流型變化主要受初始氣侵速度的影響,井底壓力在氣體侵入瞬間激增；同時進行了數值模擬對比驗證,實驗與仿真結果吻合。 (6)開展了川東北地區(qū)陸相高壓裂縫性儲層壓井工藝研究。通過前述對溢流發(fā)生及發(fā)展后井筒特征變化的認識,分析了正循環(huán)法、反循環(huán)法和置換法等常規(guī)堵漏壓井工藝技術,并結合川東北地區(qū)陸相高壓裂縫性儲層溢漏特點和壓井工藝影響因素展開了堵漏壓井方法適應性評價,建立了適合川東北地區(qū)陸相高壓裂縫性儲層的堵漏壓井方法選擇流程。 綜上所述,本文的研究工作為川東北地區(qū)陸相儲層鉆井現場溢流認識與壓井施工的科學選擇提供了可靠依據,并對實現我國四川盆地川東北地區(qū)天然氣資源的安全、平穩(wěn)、 高效開發(fā)產生重要意義。
[Abstract]:The energy consumption structure regulates the exploration and development of natural gas resources . The northeast area of Sichuan is one of the key exploration areas of Sichuan natural gas resources . It is also an important position for the replacement of gas resources in the northeast of Sichuan , and it is very important to accelerate the exploration and development of natural gas resources in Northeast Sichuan . Based on the research of the theory of multiphase flow theory and well control theory at home and abroad , the theory and experimental study of the system of invasion , occurrence , development and ground control of overflow are studied in this paper . ( 1 ) The research of multiphase flow theory , well control theory and the research of gas invasion and overflow of fractured reservoir are researched and summarized . On the basis of this , the problems of sudden overflow and difficulty in the well control of high pressure gas wells in Northeast Sichuan are analyzed in depth , and the research direction and thinking of this paper are put forward . ( 2 ) The analysis of the geological characteristics of the Northeast China is carried out . The complex geological conditions faced by the continental high - pressure fractured reservoirs in the northeast of Sichuan were analyzed from the aspects of geological structure , reservoir condition and core characteristics . It was found that the main overflow layer in the region was artesian well group and Xujia river group . The well depth was 4500 - 500m , and the typical overflow well in the drilling site provided the basic geological parameters and engineering parameters for the establishment of the model of overflow invasion and pressure distribution of the subsequent wellbore . ( 3 ) The dynamic intrusion model of well bore is established . Based on the analysis of overflow condition and overflow rule of continental high - pressure fracture reservoir in northeast China , the intrusion amount calculation model is established by using gas percolation theory , and the example calculation is carried out by using typical overflow wells in northeast of Sichuan , and the invasion and mechanism of overflow are revealed . ( 4 ) The distribution law of wellbore pressure is studied . According to the above - mentioned model of overflow calculation , the mathematical model of gas - liquid two - phase flow in overflow wellbore is established based on drift - flow model and gas - liquid two - phase flow theory , and the model is solved by means of finite difference method . ( 5 ) The experiment and simulation of gas migration in wellbore were carried out . According to the similarity theory , the experiment system of gas invasion and overflow was designed and constructed . The results show that the change of wellbore flow pattern is mainly affected by the initial gas invasion velocity , and the pressure of the well bottom is increased at the moment of gas invasion . Meanwhile , the numerical simulation comparison is carried out , and the experiment is consistent with the simulation results . ( 6 ) The research on the pressure well process of the continental high - pressure fracture reservoir in the northeast of Sichuan province is carried out . Through the above - mentioned understanding of the characteristics change of the well bore after the overflow and the development , the normal circulation method , the reverse circulation method and the displacement method are analyzed , and the adaptive evaluation of the plugging pressure well method is carried out according to the overflow characteristics of the continental high - pressure fracture reservoir in the northeast of Sichuan and the influence factors of the pressure well process , and the selection flow of the plugging - plugging and kill - well method suitable for the continental high - pressure fracture reservoir in the northeast of Sichuan is established . In conclusion , the research work of this paper provides a reliable basis for the field overflow recognition and the scientific choice of pressure well construction in the continental reservoir drilling in the northeast of Sichuan , and it is safe and stable to realize the natural gas resources in the northeast area of Sichuan Basin , China . high - efficiency development is of great significance .

【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE28

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