本文關鍵詞： 燃氣管道 接地電流 雜散電流腐蝕 干擾防護　出處：《西南石油大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對能源需求的日益增加,高壓輸送電系統(tǒng)和天然氣管道的建設正在高速發(fā)展。由于空間的限制,高壓輸送電系統(tǒng)可能影響到燃氣管道的安全。其原因在于高壓輸送電系統(tǒng)在單極運行時會產(chǎn)生非常大的接地電流,形成干擾埋地管道的雜散電流,導致管道發(fā)生腐蝕、管道的附屬設備及設施受到干擾和損壞。為避免因管道腐蝕引發(fā)災難性事故,保障管道安全運營,開展接地電流對管道腐蝕的機理和防護措施研究具有重要意義。由于雜散電流腐蝕其本質(zhì)上是電化學腐蝕,本文首先開展直流電流對埋地鋼質(zhì)管道的電化學腐蝕實驗研究,探究直流電流產(chǎn)生的地電場和電流密度對管道腐蝕的影響規(guī)律。在此基礎上,開展高壓直流接地極周邊地區(qū)的電場分布與電流密度的數(shù)值模擬研究,以期揭示接地電流對管道腐蝕的影響規(guī)律并提出對應的防護措施。論文主要開展了以下幾個方面研究工作:(1)分析了高壓直流輸電系統(tǒng)接地極產(chǎn)生接地電流的原因及其對管道安全的影響。主要闡述了直流輸送電線路運行方式及其非正常工作狀態(tài)單極運行方式下,大電流注入大地時對油氣站場、閥室、管道及相關附屬設施的干擾影響,引起直流地電場,以及地電流對油氣管道電化學腐蝕,對站場、閥室內(nèi)陰極保護設備和設施的影響,并結合工程案例分析了接地電流對輸氣管道的干擾情況。(2)開展了直流雜散電流對天然氣埋地鋼質(zhì)管道的電化學腐蝕實驗研究。通過電化學腐蝕實驗,重點研究了直流電場分布規(guī)律、直流電流密度對鋼質(zhì)試件的腐蝕影響和作用機理。通過對極化曲線、交流阻抗譜、腐蝕形貌特征以及腐蝕速率的分析表明,隨著外加電流和直流電流密度的增大,工作電極的腐蝕速率增加。(3)開展了接地極對埋地管道腐蝕的數(shù)值模擬分析。結合實際工程,分析了接地極周圍電場分布以及接地極類型(陰極、陽極接地)、接地極與管道的距離對地電流密度的影響。研究表明,隨著接地電流的增大,管道的最小電位逐漸減小,管道的最大電流成線性增大;當直流接地極單極運行時管地電位遠遠超出相關標準中的限值。(4)開展了直流干擾區(qū)管道的雜散電流防護措施研究。結合實際工程,提出了直流干擾下的一般性原則和具體防護措施,并重點研究了隔離措施對雜散電流干擾管道的防護作用規(guī)律。研究表明,當接地極為陽極運行時隔離措施會引起較大的直流干擾,而接地極為陰極運行時則相反;在分段隔離區(qū)域兩段采取陰極保護能夠有效彌補隔離措施的不足。總之,論文通過理論研究和實驗數(shù)值模擬,針對高壓輸電系統(tǒng)接地極對燃氣管道的雜散電流腐蝕影響規(guī)律,探索了接地電流引起的地電場分布狀況和影響范圍,提出了輸氣管道工程對接地極干擾防護措施。研究成果為緩減經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)共用走廊內(nèi)高壓i輸電系統(tǒng)與埋地管道之間的矛盾,有效避免雜散電流引起的電化學腐蝕,確保管線運行安全提供技術指導。
[Abstract]:With the development of the national economy increasing demand for energy, power transmission system and the construction of high pressure natural gas pipeline is developing rapidly. Due to the limited space, high-voltage transmission system may affect the gas pipeline safety. The reason is that the high voltage power transmission system will have a very large grounding current in monopolar operation, the formation of stray current interference of buried pipeline, resulting in pipeline corrosion, ancillary equipment and facilities of the pipeline is disturbed or damaged. To avoid pipeline corrosion caused catastrophic accidents, ensuring the safety of the pipeline operation, is of great significance to carry out ground flow of pipeline corrosion mechanism and protection measures research. Because of the stray current corrosion is essentially electrochemical this paper carried out experimental study on corrosion, electrochemical corrosion current of buried steel pipeline, to explore the generation of DC ground electric field and current density Influence of pipeline corrosion. Based on the numerical simulation of electric field distribution and current density of high voltage DC grounding of the surrounding area, in order to reveal the regularity of ground current effect on pipeline corrosion and puts forward corresponding preventive measures. The paper mainly carried out the following research work: (1) grounding generation the reason of grounding current of high voltage DC transmission system and its influence on the safety of pipelines are discussed. The DC power transmission line operating mode and non normal working state of monopole operation mode, the oil and gas station, valve chamber current injected into the earth, interference of pipelines and related ancillary facilities, caused by the DC electric field. And the current electrochemical on oil and gas pipeline corrosion, the influence of valve chamber station, cathodic protection equipment and facilities, and combined with the engineering case analysis of grounding current on the gas pipeline Interference. (2) carried out experimental study on electrochemical corrosion of stray current on buried steel gas pipeline. The electrochemical corrosion experiment, focusing on the DC electric field distribution, the effect and mechanism of corrosion test of DC current density of the steel. The polarization curves, AC impedance, corrosion characteristics and analysis the corrosion rate showed that with an increase of current and DC current density, the corrosion rate of working electrode increased. (3) carried out a numerical simulation analysis of grounding electrode on buried pipeline corrosion. Combined with the practical engineering, analysis of ground electric field distribution around the electrode and the electrode type (cathode, anode grounding, grounding effect) the ends of the earth and the distance to the ground pipeline current density. The results show that with the increase of ground current, the minimum potential pipeline decreases, the maximum current pipeline linearly when DC; Grounding monopole operation tube ground potential is far beyond the limits of the relevant standards. (4) carried out research on the stray current protection measures DC interference area pipeline. Combined with the actual project, put forward the general principles under DC interference and specific protection measures, and focus on the protection effect of isolation measures of stray current interference the pipeline. The results show that when the grounding electrode as the anode operation isolation measures will cause DC interference, and the grounding electrode as cathode when running the opposite; in the two section of regional sectionalizing cathodic protection can effectively compensate for the lack of isolation measures. In a word, through the research and experiment of numerical simulation theory for high voltage transmission the grounding system of stray current corrosion of gas pipeline, explores the grounding current caused by the electric field distribution and the influence scope, proposed gas pipeline engineering docking The research results are to mitigate the contradiction between the high voltage I transmission system and buried pipelines in the shared corridor, and effectively avoid the electrochemical corrosion caused by stray current, and provide technical guidance for ensuring the safety of pipeline operation.

【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE988.2

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