本文關(guān)鍵詞： 潛在影響半徑 含硫天然氣管道 硫化氫中毒 噴射火 計算模型　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：含硫天然氣管道的潛在影響半徑是指管道發(fā)生失效時,其周邊公眾安全和財產(chǎn)可能受到明顯影響區(qū)域的半徑。潛在影響半徑的計算是管道高后果區(qū)識別的基礎(chǔ),是保證完整性管理有效實施的關(guān)鍵。我國在2005和2006年依照基本國情頒布了輸氣管道完整性管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中天然氣管道的潛在影響半徑根據(jù)ASMEB31.8S中推薦的模型確定。該模型在噴射火熱輻射單點源模型的基礎(chǔ)上提出,由于不考慮泄漏氣體引發(fā)的中毒后果,ASME B31.8S明確指出不適用于含硫天然氣管道。多年來,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對硫化氫中毒潛在影響半徑計算模型的研究相對較少,有關(guān)含硫天然氣泄漏擴散計算的現(xiàn)存文獻(xiàn)大多沒有充分考慮其獨有特點,考慮因素少,這導(dǎo)致計算結(jié)果的不可靠,難以在工程實際中運用。因此,針對含硫天然氣管道失效的特點提出含硫天然氣管道潛在影響半徑的計算模型是當(dāng)今急待解決的難題。故本文開展了以下幾個方面的研究： (1)通過對含硫天然氣管道的失效誘因、電化學(xué)腐蝕機理、開裂機理的研究,將含硫天然氣管道的主要失效模式確定為氫致開裂、氫鼓泡、應(yīng)力定向氫致開裂和硫化物應(yīng)力開裂導(dǎo)致的全管徑斷裂。通過對含硫天然氣管道失效泄漏事件樹的分析,討論噴射火、閃火、爆炸、硫化氫中毒等多種失效后果的發(fā)生概率,將含硫天然氣管道的典型失效后果確定為噴射火和硫化氫中毒兩類。基于以上研究,根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)資料確立了含硫天然氣管道潛在影響半徑計算的基本方法和步驟； (2)根據(jù)已確定的主要失效模式,針對含硫天然氣管道的泄漏速率隨時間不斷變化的特點,基于流體力學(xué)基本方程所推導(dǎo)出的天然氣管道的泄漏速率一般計算模型建立起全管徑斷裂條件下天然氣管道的泄漏速率計算模型。運用PHAST軟件對模型中關(guān)鍵參數(shù)泄漏速率衰減因子λ展開計算,并通過對λ變化曲線的擬合得到所對應(yīng)的計算式； (3)通過對不同噴射火熱輻射計算模型優(yōu)缺點的比較,確定選擇固體火焰模型中的Chamberlain模型作為基礎(chǔ)模型�；贑hamberlain模型建立含硫天然氣管道火災(zāi)潛在影響半徑計算模型,并合理確定火焰表面積、視覺因子、氣體泄漏速率、熱輻射通量閾值等各模型參數(shù)的取值方法； (4)通過分析確定含硫天然氣管道泄漏擴散的三大特點：失效模式以全管徑斷裂為主、泄漏速率隨時間不斷變化、擴散過程由噴射階段和被動擴散階段兩部分組成�；谝陨戏治�,從現(xiàn)存氣體擴散模型中選擇高斯模型作為基礎(chǔ)模型,建立了硫化氫中毒潛在影響半徑的多氣團疊加計算模型。根據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料,分別對氣團質(zhì)量、擴散參數(shù)、泄漏氣團高度、硫化氫中毒閾值等模型參數(shù)的計算方法進(jìn)行研究,通過代入相應(yīng)參數(shù),并對模型進(jìn)行簡化,得到多氣團疊加計算模型的最終表達(dá)式； (5)針對計算模型相對復(fù)雜的問題,運用VB語言編制了硫化氫中毒潛在影響半徑計算軟件HSCC,并對其計算可靠性進(jìn)行分析。選定7條實例管道,確定計算風(fēng)速,運用所建立的火災(zāi)潛在影響半徑計算模型對各管道分別計算,并將計算結(jié)果與基于點源模型的計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比。運用HSCC對各條管道的硫化氫中毒潛在影響半徑進(jìn)行計算,并根據(jù)計算結(jié)果對管道失效后,地面硫化氫濃度的變化規(guī)律展開研究。通過火災(zāi)潛在影響半徑和硫化氫中毒潛在影響半徑計算結(jié)果的對比,得出含硫天然氣管道潛在影響半徑應(yīng)根據(jù)硫化氫中毒潛在影響半徑確定的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The potential influence radius of sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline is the radius of pipeline ' s failure . The calculation of potential influence radius is the key to ensure the effective implementation of integrity management . ( 1 ) The main failure mode of sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline is determined to be hydrogen - induced cracking , hydrogen bubbling , stress - oriented hydrogen - induced cracking and sulfide stress cracking by studying the failure - inducing factors , electrochemical corrosion mechanism and cracking mechanism of sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline . The failure leakage event tree of sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline is analyzed , and the typical failure consequences of sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline are determined as two types of injection fire and hydrogen sulfide poisoning . Based on the above research , the basic methods and steps for calculating the potential influence radius of sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline are established . ( 2 ) according to the established main failure mode , the leakage rate calculation model of the natural gas pipeline is established based on the characteristic that the leakage rate of the sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline changes with time , the leakage rate of the natural gas pipeline is calculated based on the basic equation of the fluid mechanics , and the leakage rate calculation model of the natural gas pipeline under the condition of full pipe diameter fracture is established by using the PHAST software , and the corresponding calculation formula is obtained by fitting the fitting of the 位 variation curve ; ( 3 ) Based on the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of different injection thermal radiation calculation models , it is determined that the model of fire potential influence radius of sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline is established on the basis of lain lain model , and the value methods of parameters such as flame surface area , visual factor , gas leakage rate and heat radiation flux threshold are reasonably determined . ( 4 ) By analyzing the three characteristics of determining the leakage and diffusion of sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline , the failure mode is dominated by the whole pipe diameter fracture , the leakage rate is changed with time , the diffusion process is composed of two parts of the injection stage and the passive diffusion stage . Based on the above analysis , a multi - gas mass superposition calculation model with the potential influence radius of hydrogen sulfide poisoning is established from the existing gas diffusion model . According to the relevant literatures , The calculation method of model parameters such as mass , diffusion parameter , leakage gas mass height and hydrogen sulfide poisoning threshold is studied , and the final expression of multi - gas mass superposition calculation model is obtained by substituting corresponding parameters and simplifying the model . ( 5 ) The calculation software HSCC for the potential influence radius of hydrogen sulfide poisoning is compiled with VB language , and the calculation reliability is analyzed by using the VB language . The calculation results are compared with the calculation results based on the point source model . The potential influence radius of the sulfur - containing natural gas pipeline is calculated according to the results of the potential influence radius of the fire and the potential influence radius of hydrogen sulfide poisoning .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE832

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