本文關(guān)鍵詞： 含蠟原油 清管周期 余蠟厚度 防蠟效果 防蠟機(jī)理　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：管輸含蠟原油的蠟沉積問題嚴(yán)重影響管道的安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行,必須采取有效的處理措施。目前常用的方法包括清管和添加防蠟劑。雖然管道清防蠟技術(shù)的研究已開展多年,但目前對清管周期的確定仍沒有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),多因素共同作用下防蠟劑的作用效果及機(jī)理等相關(guān)研究相對較少,因此有必要對其做進(jìn)一步研究。 文中主要開展了以下工作：基于主成分分析法,確定了蠟沉積各影響因素的權(quán)值；以中銀線為例,利用黃啟玉模型對不同運(yùn)行條件下管道沿線蠟沉積層厚度進(jìn)行了預(yù)測；以輸量下降3%作為確定管道清管周期的安全極限,建立了管道安全經(jīng)濟(jì)清管周期模型；以降低日平均費(fèi)用為目標(biāo),給出了一種確定余蠟厚度的方法；采用冷指裝置,考察了不同剪切強(qiáng)度、溫差和作用時(shí)間下防蠟劑對模擬油的作用效果及作用規(guī)律：利用X射線衍射分析儀和高溫氣相色譜儀,剖析了加防蠟劑前后蠟沉積量發(fā)生變化的原因；采用正交試驗(yàn),分析了多因素作用下防蠟劑的作用效果,探討了各影響因素之間的交互作用和主次順序：通過測定晶格參數(shù)和碳數(shù)分布,研究了多因素共同影響下防蠟劑的作用機(jī)理。 研究結(jié)果表明：管壁處剪切應(yīng)力、粘度、管壁處蠟晶溶解度系數(shù)和管壁處溫度梯度的權(quán)值依次降低,對蠟沉積速率起主要影響作用；當(dāng)進(jìn)站溫度升高或降低時(shí),相同運(yùn)行時(shí)間下蠟沉積層厚度的最大值相差在0.087mm以內(nèi)；地溫越低蠟沉積層厚度的最大值越大；隨進(jìn)站溫度的升高,日平均費(fèi)用增加,清管周期延長,而輸量和地溫的增加使得日平均費(fèi)用降低,清管周期下降；以輸量下降3%作為確定管道清管周期的安全極限是合理可行的,可使得管道安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行；中銀線的余蠟厚度在0.4-0.6mm左右,每年可降低約7.5萬元費(fèi)用,但某些清管周期內(nèi)也可不預(yù)留余蠟厚度；當(dāng)壁溫較低、油壁溫差較大時(shí),防蠟效果較好；剪切強(qiáng)度的增加會使得防蠟率出現(xiàn)先增加后降低的趨勢,而隨著作用時(shí)間的增加,防蠟率逐漸趨于定值；防蠟劑的共晶吸附作用改變了蠟晶的衍射峰強(qiáng)度和晶面間距等參數(shù),使得蠟晶的生長更規(guī)則,蠟晶顆粒變大,由此發(fā)揮防蠟作用；加劑后油溫和壁溫的升高均會使得衍射峰強(qiáng)度降低,晶面間距增大,而隨著作用時(shí)間的增加,其影響規(guī)律與油溫升高時(shí)相反；剪切強(qiáng)度的升高使得晶面間距減��；壁溫不變而油溫降低時(shí),常規(guī)碳數(shù)蠟的比例增大,而高碳數(shù)蠟的比例相對減少,壁溫降低和剪切強(qiáng)度增大時(shí)的規(guī)律則相反；各影響因素對防蠟率影響的主次順序依次為剪切強(qiáng)度、溫差和作用時(shí)間,溫差與剪切強(qiáng)度對防蠟率的影響顯著；剪切強(qiáng)度、溫差和作用時(shí)間之間的交互作用不是很明顯；剪切強(qiáng)度、溫差和作用時(shí)間的同時(shí)變化沒有改變蠟晶晶型,但蠟晶晶格參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律與單因素作用下不同；多因素作用下蠟沉積物中正、異構(gòu)烷烴碳數(shù)的分布范圍、寬度及含量的變化規(guī)律與單因素作用下基本類似。
[Abstract]:The pipeline waxy crude oil wax deposition problems seriously affect the safety and economic operation of the pipeline, must take effective measures to deal with. The most commonly used methods include pigging and adding paraffin inhibitor. Although the study of pipeline wax removal technology has been carried out for many years, but now the Qing period on the tube is still no uniform standard, relevant study on the effects and mechanism of wax and anti is relatively less affected by many factors, so it is necessary to do further study.
This paper mainly carried out the following work: Based on principal component analysis method, the influence factors of wax deposition in silver weight; for example, the wax deposition along the pipeline thickness under different operating conditions were predicted by using the Huang Qiyu model; to output declined 3% as determined pipeline safety limit cycle of the cleaning pipe. The establishment of the safety of pipeline pigging cycle economic model; in order to reduce the average daily cost as the goal, this paper proposes a method to determine the thickness of the wax; the cold finger device, different shear strength study, wax agent on the simulated oil effect and effect of anti temperature and action time: Chromatography using X ray diffraction high temperature gas analyzer and analyzed, and anti change reason of wax deposition amount of wax before and after; using the orthogonal test, analyzed the effect of multiple factors of paraffin inhibitor, discusses the influence factors of Interactivity and primary and secondary order: by measuring the lattice parameters and the distribution of carbon number, the mechanism of the effect of wax inhibitor under the common influence of multiple factors was studied.
The results show that the wall shear stress, viscosity, wall wax solubility coefficient and tube wall temperature gradient in order to reduce the weight, effect on wax deposition rate; when the inlet temperature increases or decreases, the maximum running time under the same wax deposition thickness is less than 0.087mm the lower temperature; the wax deposition thickness bigger maximum; with increase of inlet temperature, the average daily cost increase, pigging period is prolonged, and increase the transmission capacity and temperature makes the average daily cost reduced, pigging period decreased to 3%; output declined as to determine the pipeline safety limit cycle tube is reasonable feasible, can make the pipeline safe and economic operation; silver line wax thickness is about 0.4-0.6mm per year, can reduce the cost of about 75 thousand yuan, but some pigging period can also be reserved without wax layer; when the wall temperature is low, the oil temperature Large, wax prevention effect is good; the increase in shear strength will make the wax rate increased first and then decreased, while with the time increasing, the wax rate gradually tends to a fixed value; eutectic adsorption paraffin inhibitor changes the wax crystal diffraction peak intensity and interplanar spacing and other parameters, the wax crystal growth rule, wax crystal particle becomes larger, thus play a wax; after adding the agent increased oil temperature and wall temperature will make the diffraction peak intensity decrease, increase the spacing, and with the time increasing, the influence of temperature and time on the contrary; shear strength with the increase of the crystal the surface spacing decreases; the wall temperature is constant and the temperature is reduced, the conventional carbon number of wax ratio increased, and the proportion of high carbon number of wax is relatively reduced, the wall temperature decreases and the shear strength of the law is the opposite; the influence of different factors on the order of the wax rate in turn As the shear strength, temperature and reaction time, temperature and shear strength had significant effects on wax rate; shear strength, temperature difference between time and interaction is not obvious; the shear strength, temperature and time of change at the same time has not changed but the change of the crystalline wax, wax crystal lattice parameters and single factor effect under different multiple factors; wax deposit is, the distribution range of isomeric alkane carbon number, variation of width and content and single factors were similar.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE832

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本文編號：1515107