本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生物柴油 茶油下腳油 固體催化劑　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文針對目前生物柴油產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的原料昂貴問題,結(jié)合我國“全國油茶產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2009~2020)”政策,選擇茶油下腳油為原料,在催化劑的作用下與甲醇反應(yīng)制得生物柴油。研究了茶油下腳油高溫淡堿工藝預(yù)處理時的最佳氫氧化鉀濃度,并以預(yù)處理后的茶油下腳油為原料,甲醇鈉為催化劑制備生物柴油,以生物柴油產(chǎn)率為評價指標研究了醇油比、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時間、催化劑用量和攪拌速度等對工藝過程的影響。結(jié)果表明:醇油比為6:1,反應(yīng)時間為90min,催化劑用量為原料油的1.1wt%,攪拌速度為800r/min,反應(yīng)溫度為60℃是工藝的最優(yōu)條件。此外,本文還針對以上均相反應(yīng)中催化劑不易分離回收的缺點研究制備了一種固體催化劑。本著環(huán)保、低成本的原則,以吸附性較強的海泡石為載體,碳酸鉀為浸漬液,用浸漬法制備了固體催化劑。研究了相同條件下,不同濃度的碳酸鉀溶液浸漬海泡石所得固體催化劑中碳酸鉀負載率的變化情況及不同負載率對生物柴油轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響。結(jié)果表明:隨著碳酸鉀濃度的增加,碳酸鉀的負載率先增加后趨于平緩,綜合考慮碳酸鉀選擇50wt%碳酸鉀溶液最佳(此時負載率為23.73%)。且隨著負載率的增加,生物柴油的產(chǎn)率不斷增加,負載率為23.73%時,生物柴油轉(zhuǎn)化率可達64.3%�？紤]到天然海泡石制備的固體催化劑用于酯交換反應(yīng)制備生物柴油時轉(zhuǎn)化率不高。本文用硫酸酸化海泡石的工藝來增加海泡石的比表面積,以進一步增加碳酸鉀的負載率從而提高生物柴油的轉(zhuǎn)化率。并通過場發(fā)射掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM),全自動比表面積孔隙分析儀(BET),X-射線衍射儀(XRD)對天然海泡石負載碳酸鉀制得的固體催化劑及硫酸酸化后的海泡石負載碳酸鉀制得的固體催化劑進行了對比分析。結(jié)果表明硫酸酸化后的海泡石比表面積明顯增大,碳酸鉀負載量明顯增加(20%硫酸酸化后負載率為77.66%),生物柴油轉(zhuǎn)化率明顯提高(達98%)。以碳酸鉀的負載量和生物柴油的產(chǎn)率為評價標準探索了硫酸酸化的最優(yōu)條件以及以硫酸酸化后的海泡石負載碳酸鉀制得的固體催化劑用于酯交換反應(yīng)制備生物柴油的最優(yōu)工藝條件。實驗結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)酸化的最優(yōu)條件:碳酸鉀濃度為50%,硫酸的最佳濃度為20%,酸化溫度為87℃;制備生物柴油的最優(yōu)工藝條件:醇油比為8:1,反應(yīng)溫度為65℃,反應(yīng)時間為10h,催化劑用量為5wt%。
[Abstract]:In view of the high cost of raw materials faced by the biodiesel industry and the policy of "National Development Plan of Camellia oleifera", this paper selects the crude oil of tea oil as raw material. Biodiesel was prepared by the reaction of methanol with catalyst. The optimum concentration of potassium hydroxide was studied when tea oil was pretreated with light alkali at high temperature. Biodiesel was prepared with sodium methoxide as catalyst. The ratio of alcohol to oil, reaction temperature and reaction time were studied with the yield of biodiesel as evaluation index. The effects of catalyst dosage and stirring speed on the process were obtained. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: the ratio of alcohol to oil was 6: 1, the reaction time was 90 min, the amount of catalyst was 1.1 wtlong of the raw oil, the stirring speed was 800 r / min, and the reaction temperature was 60 鈩，

本文編號：1511515