本文關(guān)鍵詞： 羧甲基纖維素鈉 黃原膠 弱凝膠 高溫 高礦化度　出處：《武漢工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著采油技術(shù)的發(fā)展,在提高采收率方面,聚合物弱凝膠深部調(diào)剖技術(shù)的應(yīng)用取得了顯著的效果。然而,常用的弱凝膠深部調(diào)剖劑主要是聚丙烯酰胺類的,其在一些特殊條件油藏的應(yīng)用中,易出現(xiàn)高溫下降解,高礦化度下產(chǎn)生沉淀等問(wèn)題,最終導(dǎo)致調(diào)剖失效。因此,向聚合物中引入特殊官能團(tuán)、設(shè)計(jì)聚合物分子結(jié)構(gòu),研制具備良好增黏性、耐溫性、抗鹽性和抗剪切能力的改性高分子聚合物已成為當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)。目前,交聯(lián)聚丙烯酰胺類共聚物的出現(xiàn),一定程度上改善了其抗溫抗鹽性的不足,但是所用的有機(jī)交聯(lián)劑如甲醛、苯酚或無(wú)機(jī)交聯(lián)劑重鉻酸鉀、檸檬酸鋁等對(duì)會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境均造成不同程度的污染。因此,亟需尋找一種具備特殊性能且來(lái)源廣泛對(duì)環(huán)境友好的新材料,與丙烯酰胺共聚交聯(lián)形成新型的聚合物弱凝膠深部調(diào)剖劑,進(jìn)一步提高其抗溫抗鹽能力,擴(kuò)大其使用范圍。而天然高分子價(jià)廉易得,具有剛性環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)和多功能活性基團(tuán),可經(jīng)過(guò)化學(xué)修飾改性成新材料,廣泛應(yīng)用于日用化工、食品添加劑和建筑材料等領(lǐng)域。近年來(lái),改性天然高分子以其具備剛性基團(tuán)以及水溶性、高假塑性等特點(diǎn),在油田調(diào)剖的應(yīng)用受到了廣泛關(guān)注。本論文的主要工作是基于上述的研究趨勢(shì)展開(kāi),分別以羧甲基纖維素鈉(CMC)和黃原膠(XG)為主劑,以N,N’-亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺(BIS)為交聯(lián)劑,與丙烯酰胺(AM)交聯(lián)共聚,制備CMC/AM/BIS和XG/AM/BIS兩種抗高溫抗鹽型弱凝膠調(diào)剖體系。并且開(kāi)展了一系列的室內(nèi)研究,討論了各試劑用量、反應(yīng)時(shí)間、反應(yīng)溫度對(duì)成膠體系黏度的影響,通過(guò)IR、TG測(cè)試驗(yàn)證了共聚物的結(jié)構(gòu),并模擬地層條件,對(duì)兩種共聚物弱凝膠進(jìn)行了抗鹽、抗溫、抗剪切、突破壓力梯度等性能測(cè)試,主要取得了以下的研究成果:(1)對(duì)比分析CMC與CMC/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠紅外譜圖及對(duì)比分析CMC/AM與CMC/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠的失重區(qū)域與曲線趨勢(shì),驗(yàn)證了CMC/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠的組成,證明實(shí)驗(yàn)成功制得了CMC/AM/BIS交聯(lián)共聚物;對(duì)比分析XG與XG/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠紅外譜圖及對(duì)比分析XG/AM與XG/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠的失重區(qū)域與曲線趨勢(shì),驗(yàn)證了XG/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠的組成,證明實(shí)驗(yàn)成功制得了XG/AM/BIS交聯(lián)共聚物弱凝膠;(2)CMC/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠的最佳成膠條件為:CMC濃度為1.0×104mg/L,AM濃度為4×104mg/L,引發(fā)劑濃度為650mg/L,其中(NH4)2S2O8與Na2SO3的摩爾比為1:1,交聯(lián)劑BIS濃度為25 mg/L,蒸餾水250mL,反應(yīng)溫度40℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間8h;XG/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠的最佳成膠條件為:XG濃度為1.0×103mg/L,AM濃度為2.0×104mg/L,引發(fā)劑濃度為420mg/L,其中(NH4)2S2O8與Na2SO3的摩爾比為1:1,交聯(lián)劑BIS濃度為630mg/L,蒸餾水250mL,反應(yīng)溫度50℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間8h;(3)CMC/AM/BIS與XG/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠在鹽濃度為25×104mg/L時(shí),均未出現(xiàn)脫水現(xiàn)象,這兩種體系交聯(lián)共聚物弱凝膠適用的粗鹽、MgCl2和CaCl2的濃度范圍均為0~25×104mg/L;(4)CMC/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠體系可耐受高溫120℃,未出現(xiàn)脫水現(xiàn)象,適用于高溫油藏深部調(diào)剖作業(yè);XG/AM/BIS共聚物弱凝膠可耐受高溫140℃,未出現(xiàn)脫水現(xiàn)象,可適用于特高溫油藏的深部調(diào)剖作業(yè);(5)CMC/AM/BIS體系與XG/AM/BIS體系,均隨剪切速率增大,體系黏度相應(yīng)減小,具備假塑性,經(jīng)高速剪切后,黏度保持率分別是90.3%和91.6%,具有較強(qiáng)的抗剪切能力;(6)突破壓力梯度模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明,XG/AM/BIS體系弱凝膠強(qiáng)度較大,附著能力較強(qiáng),突破壓力梯度值為0.172 MPa·m-1,CMC/AM/BIS體系弱凝膠強(qiáng)度相對(duì)較弱,突破壓力梯度值為0.0355MPa·m-1。
[Abstract]:With the development of production technology, in EOR, application of Polymer Weak Gel deep profile control technology has achieved significant results. However, the weak gel is used for deep profile control agent is composed of polyacrylamide and its application in some special conditions in the reservoir, prone to degradation under the high temperature, precipitation problems such as high salinity, resulting in profile failure. Therefore, the introduction of special functional groups to the polymer, the polymer molecular structure design, developed with good viscosity, temperature resistance, salt resistance and shear resistance of the modified high molecular polymer has become a research hotspot. At present, there crosslinked polyacrylamide the copolymer was improved to some extent, the lack of anti temperature and salt resistance, but the organic crosslinking agent such as formaldehyde, phenol or inorganic crosslinking agent, potassium dichromate, citric acid on aluminum will cause different degree of environment The pollution. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a special performance and have wide sources of environmentally friendly new materials, and the formation of a new type of acrylamide crosslinked polymer gel deep profile control agent, to further improve the heat resistance and salt tolerance ability, expand the scope of its application. While natural macromolecule is cheap, with a rigid ring structure and multi function active groups through chemical modification into new materials, widely used in daily chemical field, food additives and construction materials. In recent years, modified natural polymer with rigid groups and water solubility, high pseudoplastic characteristics, has attracted wide attention in the application of profile control. The main work of this thesis is based on the above research trend, respectively with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XG) as the main agent, with N, N '- methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) as crosslinking agent and acrylamide (A M) Crosslinking Copolymerization, preparation of CMC/AM/BIS and XG/AM/BIS two kinds of salt resistance type weak gel profile control system. And carried out a series of laboratory research, discuss the amount of reagent, reaction time, reaction temperature on the gelling effect, the viscosity of the system through the IR TG test to verify the structure of the copolymer. Simulation and formation conditions of two kinds of copolymers of weak gel salt resistance, temperature resistance, shear resistance, the breakthrough pressure gradient test, the main research results are as follows: (1) comparative analysis of CMC and CMC/AM/BIS on the map and weight loss than copolymer region and curve trend analysis, CMC/AM and CMC/AM/BIS spectra of the copolymer of weak gel weak gel infrared, validation of the CMC/AM/BIS copolymer weak gel composition, demonstrated successfully prepared CMC/AM/BIS crosslinked copolymer; comparative analysis of XG and XG/AM/BIS copolymer map and comparative analysis of XG/AM and XG/AM/BIS Polymer Weak Gel infrared spectrum The weight loss area and curve trend of weak gel, verified XG/AM/BIS copolymer weak gel composition, demonstrated successfully prepared XG/AM/BIS crosslinked polymer weak gel; (2) CMC/AM/BIS Polymer Weak Gel gelling conditions for the optimal concentration of CMC was 1 * 104mg/L, AM concentration is 4 * 104mg/L, the initiator concentration is 650mg/L, which (NH4) 2S2O8 and Na2SO3 molar ratio was 1:1, crosslinking agent concentration of BIS was 25 mg/L, distilled water 250mL, reaction temperature 40 C, reaction time is 8h; the best XG/AM/BIS copolymer of weak gel gelling conditions: XG concentration of 1 * 103mg/L, AM concentration is 2 * 104mg/L, the initiator concentration is 420mg/L, which (NH4) 2S2O8 and Na2SO3 molar ratio was 1:1, crosslinking agent concentration of BIS was 630mg/L, 250mL of distilled water, reaction temperature 50 C, reaction time is 8h; (3) CMC/AM/BIS and XG/AM/BIS Polymer Weak Gel in the concentration of salt is 25 * 104mg/L, were not dehydrated, the two A system of crosslinked copolymer of weak gel for salt, the concentration range of MgCl2 and CaCl2 are 0~25 * 104mg/L; (4) CMC/AM/BIS polymer weak gel system can withstand the high temperature of 120 DEG C, not dehydration, suitable for high temperature reservoir deep profile control; XG/AM/BIS copolymer weak gel can withstand the high temperature of 140 DEG C, no dehydration the phenomenon can be deep for ultra high temperature reservoir profile control operations; (5) the CMC/AM/BIS system and XG/AM/BIS system, with the increase of the shear rate, the viscosity decreases, with pseudoplastic, by the shearing, the viscosity retention rate is respectively 90.3% and 91.6%, with strong anti shearing ability; (6) breakthrough the pressure gradient simulation experiments show that the XG/AM/BIS system of weak gel strength, strong adhesion, breakthrough pressure gradient value is 0.172 MPa - M-1, CMC/AM/BIS system of weak gel strength is relatively weak, the breakthrough pressure gradient value is 0.0355MPa m-1.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE39;TQ427.26

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