本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無游梁抽油機(jī) 差速器 長沖程 有限元 仿真 節(jié)能　出處：《東北石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界是一個(gè)以高效為主題的時(shí)代,如何充分有效地獲取有限的資源和能源是各國科學(xué)家研究的方向。石油開采用電量占整個(gè)油田開發(fā)消耗電量的30%,一直都是能源消耗的大戶,尤其是占據(jù)機(jī)械采油設(shè)備中絕大多數(shù)的抽油機(jī)是能源消耗的主體。因此研發(fā)一種性能優(yōu)越、高適應(yīng)性和節(jié)能效果顯著的抽油機(jī)對降低采油成本與增加油田經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有著積極的影響。本文分析現(xiàn)階段抽油機(jī)的研究現(xiàn)狀,針對其他類型無游梁式抽油機(jī)的不足,提出全新設(shè)計(jì)方案,應(yīng)用差速換向技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)新型差速換向無游梁抽油機(jī),以期實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能、高效的目的。差速換向無游梁抽油機(jī)之所以能夠區(qū)別于其他無游梁抽油機(jī),根本在于其換向方式的不同,采用純機(jī)械換向的方法,應(yīng)用一對直齒圓柱齒輪差速器與兩組液壓制動(dòng)裝置,依靠兩個(gè)PLC電控液壓卡鉗分別制動(dòng)兩個(gè)差速器半軸上的制動(dòng)盤,來改變輸出軸滾筒的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向,不改變電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)方向就能實(shí)現(xiàn)抽油機(jī)上、下沖程的轉(zhuǎn)換,還能提高沖程長度、降低沖次。結(jié)合現(xiàn)場需要,研究抽油機(jī)參數(shù),制定出差速換向抽油機(jī)的整體設(shè)計(jì)方案,對抽油機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行全面設(shè)計(jì),并通過有限元分析與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),使設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵部件均能滿足強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性要求。對差速換向無游梁抽油機(jī)虛擬樣機(jī)進(jìn)行仿真分析后,對比10型常規(guī)游梁式抽油機(jī)在相同采油工況下動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真結(jié)果表明,差速換向無游梁抽油機(jī)的輸出軸扭矩峰值更低,節(jié)能效果更加明顯,而且改善了電機(jī)功率曲線的輸出方式,有效減少電機(jī)做負(fù)功,延長了電機(jī)壽命。論文最后對完成加工與組裝的抽油機(jī)樣機(jī)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場測試,抽油機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn)在最大沖程和最大沖次下按設(shè)計(jì)載荷進(jìn)行逐級加載,測試數(shù)據(jù)顯示該抽油機(jī)4個(gè)測試點(diǎn)均能滿足設(shè)計(jì)和工況要求。
[Abstract]:The world today is an era with the theme of efficiency. How to fully and effectively acquire limited resources and energy is the research direction of scientists all over the world. Oil production energy consumption accounts for 30 percent of the total oil field development energy consumption, and it has always been a major user of energy consumption. In particular, pumping units, which account for the vast majority of mechanical oil recovery equipment, are the main sources of energy consumption. Pumping units with high adaptability and remarkable energy-saving effect have a positive effect on reducing the cost of oil production and increasing the economic benefits of oil fields. This paper analyzes the present research situation of pumping units, and aims at the shortcomings of other types of non-beam pumping units. A new design scheme is put forward, and a new type of differential commutated beam pumping unit is designed and developed by using differential commutating technology, in order to achieve the purpose of energy saving and high efficiency. The reason why differential commutating beam pumping unit can be distinguished from other non-beam pumping units, The fundamental reason lies in the different way of commutation. By using the method of pure mechanical commutation, using a pair of spur gear differential and two groups of hydraulic braking devices, two PLC electrically controlled hydraulic calipers are used to brake the brake discs on the two differential shafts, respectively. To change the rotation direction of the output shaft drum, without changing the rotating direction of the motor, we can realize the conversion of the upper and lower stroke of the pumping unit, and can also increase the stroke length and reduce the stroke times. Combined with the needs of the field, the parameters of the pumping unit are studied. The overall design scheme of differential commutating pumping unit is worked out. The drive system and structure of pumping unit are designed in an all-round way, and the finite element analysis and optimization design are carried out. The key components of the design can meet the requirements of strength and stability. After simulation and analysis of the virtual prototype of the differential commutating non-beam pumping unit, the dynamic simulation results of the 10 type conventional beam pumping unit under the same oil recovery condition are compared. The output shaft torque of the differential commutating beam pumping unit is lower, the energy saving effect is more obvious, and the output mode of the motor power curve is improved, and the negative power of the motor is reduced effectively. Finally, the field test of the pumping unit prototype is carried out. The pumping unit operation test is carried out step by step according to the design load under the maximum stroke and the maximum impulse. The test data show that the four test points of the pumping unit can meet the requirements of design and working conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE933.1

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