本文關鍵詞： 螺桿壓縮機 建模 仿真 模態(tài)分析 故障特征　出處：《上海交通大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著螺桿壓縮機越來越多地作為核心設備在石油化工領域被應用,其運行的可靠性和安全性日益受到人們的重視,螺桿壓縮機一旦發(fā)生故障,往往造成整個工藝流程的停產(chǎn),此外如果停機不及時,還會導致陰陽轉子“咬死”導致整個主機報廢,進行螺桿壓縮機的故障診斷研究是非常必要的。為了降低產(chǎn)品的故障率、正確開展預知維修以及降低企業(yè)的服務損失,進行螺桿壓縮機故障診斷系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)也是迫切的。因而本文采用有限元方法建立了螺桿壓縮機的轉子動力學模型,并對其主要故障的振動特征進行了仿真和實驗驗證研究,進而獲取其故障診斷所需的振動信號故障特征。本文根據(jù)螺桿壓縮機工作原理和特點,基于ANSYS軟件采用有限元方法建立了轉子動力學模型,對模型分別進行瞬態(tài)響應和穩(wěn)態(tài)響應分析。在分析中重點進行了自由模態(tài)和支撐模態(tài)的分析,并采用瞬態(tài)動力學方法,進行了時變故障激勵的加載,通過嚙合頻率下的簡諧激勵仿真轉子嚙合不良故障、嚙合頻率下的矩形激勵仿真轉子與機殼碰擦以及旋轉頻率下的簡諧激勵仿真不平衡故障,成功獲取了上述故障的速度、位移、加速度和支反力的時域響應,此外通過離散傅里葉方法獲取了響應的頻域圖譜;通過對不同頻率激勵下的系統(tǒng)仿真獲取了各故障對頻率變化的響應關系。通過對平衡等級、頻率、不平衡量下的仿真獲取了不平衡故障響應與其的關系。最后首先通過錘擊模態(tài)法對自由狀態(tài)下的轉子模態(tài)進行了驗證(驗證了一階固有頻率);其次基于LabVIEW編制了螺桿壓縮機振動信號采集分析系統(tǒng),使用該系統(tǒng)采集和分析了陽轉子排氣端軸承座處的振動信號,分別驗證了嚙合不良故障、轉子和機殼碰擦故障以及不平衡故障,實驗結果與仿真結果基本一致,證明了系統(tǒng)建模和仿真的正確性。
[Abstract]:With more and more screw compressor being used as the core equipment in the petrochemical field, people pay more and more attention to the reliability and safety of the screw compressor, once the screw compressor breaks down. Often cause the entire process to stop production, in addition, if the shutdown is not timely, but also lead to the yin-yang rotor "bite", resulting in the entire host scrapped. It is very necessary to study the fault diagnosis of screw compressor. In order to reduce the failure rate of products, correctly carry out predictive maintenance and reduce the service loss of enterprises. It is urgent to develop the fault diagnosis system of screw compressor, so the rotor dynamics model of screw compressor is established by finite element method in this paper. The vibration characteristics of the main faults are studied by simulation and experiment, and the fault characteristics of the vibration signals are obtained. According to the working principle and characteristics of the screw compressor, the vibration characteristics of the main faults are obtained in this paper. Based on ANSYS software, the rotor dynamic model is established by finite element method, and the transient and steady response of the model are analyzed respectively. In the analysis, the free mode and the supporting mode are analyzed. The transient dynamic method is used to load the time-varying fault excitation, and the fault of rotor meshing is simulated by the harmonic excitation under the meshing frequency. The rectangular excitation simulation under meshing frequency is used to simulate the rotor and shell rubbing and the simple harmonic excitation under rotation frequency to simulate the unbalanced fault. The time domain responses of the above faults such as velocity displacement acceleration and supporting reaction force are obtained successfully. In addition, the frequency domain map of the response is obtained by discrete Fourier method. Through the system simulation under different frequency excitation, the response of each fault to the frequency change is obtained. The relationship between the unbalance fault response and the unbalance fault response is obtained by simulation. Finally, the rotor mode in the free state is verified by hammering mode method (verifying the first order natural frequency). Secondly, the vibration signal acquisition and analysis system of screw compressor is programmed based on LabVIEW. The vibration signal of bearing seat at the exhaust end of positive rotor is collected and analyzed by using the system, and the malfunction of meshing is verified respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which proves the correctness of the system modeling and simulation.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE65;TQ051.21

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