本文關鍵詞： 光纖傳感網(wǎng)絡 干涉解調 現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列 高吞吐率 流水線技術　出處：《南京理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：石油作為全球經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展中具有重要戰(zhàn)略地位的能源資源,對油氣層儲層信息的精確勘探尤為重要。在被廣泛使用的地震波法探測油氣層系統(tǒng)中,光纖傳感器作為檢波器進行大規(guī)模復用的組網(wǎng)架構以及系統(tǒng)對大量數(shù)據(jù)高速、實時處理的需求,已成為亟待解決的關鍵問題。本課題的工作主要包括光纖傳感器組網(wǎng)架構設計及高速、實時的數(shù)據(jù)采集、處理、傳輸實現(xiàn)兩部分。首先針對應用于地震波檢測的高分辨率光纖油氣層探測系統(tǒng),設計了一種高性能、低成本、大數(shù)據(jù)量的基于相位調制型邁克爾遜光纖傳感器的組網(wǎng)架構。其次,重點實現(xiàn)了適用于光纖傳感器組網(wǎng)應用中的實時干涉解調系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)的單片機或PC等運算平臺難以適應傳感器組網(wǎng)帶來的大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)高速、實時處理的現(xiàn)狀,選取Altera公司的EP3SE110F115213 FPGA作為系統(tǒng)實時控制與處理的核心。實時干涉解調系統(tǒng)主要包括:在時間同步部分,根據(jù)地震波法探測油氣層對時間同步的精確要求,選取Hemisphere公司的GPS實現(xiàn)高精度授時,其授時精度為20ns,通過RS232串口實現(xiàn)了 GPS與FPGA間的串口通信;在數(shù)據(jù)采集部分,選用ADI公司的ADC芯片實現(xiàn)多路數(shù)據(jù)的高速采集,并利用FPGA基于SPI串口實現(xiàn)對ADC芯片的指令傳輸進行芯片配置,進而在此基礎上設計了一種采樣時間窗口精確定位方法,能夠準確實時地提取每個傳感器的光強數(shù)據(jù);在數(shù)據(jù)處理部分,依據(jù)本課題所述系統(tǒng)信號頻率緩慢變化的特點(頻率范圍為1Hz～200Hz),基于本課題提出的二元矩形脈沖相位調制解調法和區(qū)域生長算法思想設計并實現(xiàn)了一種適于FPGA的高吞吐率相位計算的硬件架構,它主要包含包裹相位計算和相位解包兩個子模塊。該相位計算模塊采用浮點運算單元和流水線運行,重點實現(xiàn)了基于FIFO的數(shù)據(jù)流同步。FPGA的系統(tǒng)工作頻率為200MHz。實現(xiàn)了單個時鐘周期處理一個相位信息的吞吐能力,每秒處理相位數(shù)據(jù)量可達2×108。在數(shù)據(jù)通信部分,通過組幀處理將大量傳感器數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)幀頭信息進行歸類、整合后,由USB2.0芯片實現(xiàn)FPGA與上位機之間的通信。該解調系統(tǒng)具有精確的采樣窗口定位及信號提取能力,實現(xiàn)了適用于FPGA流水線架構的高吞吐率的干涉相位計算及解包算法,同時能實現(xiàn)快速的數(shù)據(jù)處理及傳輸。本課題在FPGA平臺上進行了大量的仿真和實時調試。實驗證明,該系統(tǒng)工作性能良好,為高分辨率光纖油氣層探測系統(tǒng)提供了一種新的實時干涉解調的實現(xiàn)方案。
[Abstract]:Oil as the world's economic and social development has an important strategic position in energy resources, oil and gas exploration of accurate reservoir information is particularly important. In the detection of seismic wave method is widely used in oil and gas system, network architecture of optical fiber sensor as the detector for reuse and system of a large number of data of high speed, real-time processing. That has become a key problem to be solved. The work of this paper mainly includes the optical fiber sensor network architecture design and high speed data acquisition, real-time processing and transmission is realized in two parts. Firstly, high resolution fiber oil and gas detection system based on seismic wave detection, the design of a high performance, low cost, large amount of data the network architecture of phase modulation type optical fiber sensor based on Michelson. Secondly, focused on the realization of the real time interference for optical fiber sensor network application solutions Transfer system. According to the traditional SCM or PC operation platform is difficult to adapt to the large-scale data high speed sensor network brings the status of real-time processing, select Altera's EP3SE110F115213 FPGA as the core of real-time system control and data processing. The real-time demodulation system mainly includes: the synchronization part in time, according to the precise requirements of seismic wave detection method of oil and gas for time synchronization, select Hemisphere's GPS to realize the high precision timing, the timing accuracy of 20ns, the serial communication between FPGA and GPS through RS232 serial port; in the part of data acquisition to achieve high-speed multi-channel data acquisition using ADC chip of ADI company, and using FPGA SPI serial port command transmission on ADC chip chip based configuration, and then on the basis of the design of a sampling time window method for accurate positioning, accurate real-time extraction of each sensor The light intensity data; the data processing part changes according to the subject characteristics of the system signal frequency slow (frequency range is from 1Hz to 200Hz), this paper puts forward the two element rectangular pulse phase modulation demodulation method and region growing algorithm to design and implement a FPGA suitable for high throughput computing hardware phase based on the architecture, it mainly includes the wrapped phase calculation and phase unwrapping of two sub modules. The phase calculation module using floating-point arithmetic unit and pipeline operation, mainly focus on the implementation of the system of the working frequency of FIFO data stream synchronization based on.FPGA to achieve throughput of a single clock cycle with a phase information for 200MHz., second phase data amount 2 * 108. in the data communication part, by frame processing a large number of sensor data are classified, according to the header information integration, by USB2.0 chip FPGA and host The communication between machines. The demodulation system has accurate sampling window positioning and signal extraction ability, to achieve high throughput of the interferometric phase unwrapping algorithm and calculation for FPGA pipeline architecture, and can realize fast data processing and transmission. This paper makes a great deal of simulation and real-time debugging experiment on the FPGA platform. Proved that the system has a good performance, provides a scheme of real-time Interferometric Demodulation for new high resolution fiber oil and gas detection system.

【學位授予單位】：南京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P631.4;P618.13

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