本文關(guān)鍵詞： 氣體鉆井 井筒流動 地層滲流 耦合流動 瞬態(tài)模型　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：氣體鉆井因其具有機(jī)械鉆速快、克服井漏、成本低、保護(hù)儲層等優(yōu)勢被視為解決難動用油氣資源開發(fā)的有效途徑,并在四川盆地和塔里木盆地得到了較多應(yīng)用,取得了良好效果。但是氣體鉆開產(chǎn)層時由于地層氣體產(chǎn)出引起的井筒不穩(wěn)定高速流動會引發(fā)一系列安全風(fēng)險,目前尚未清楚認(rèn)識地層產(chǎn)氣后井筒壓力波動規(guī)律,缺乏定量計算模型,對風(fēng)險的準(zhǔn)確評估和有效控制缺乏科學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ)。因此,本文對氣體鉆開氣層井筒壓力波動機(jī)理展開了系統(tǒng)的研究,具體研究內(nèi)容和取得的主要成果如下： (1)建立氣體鉆井井筒流動基本控制方程,采用特征線法和有限差分法聯(lián)合求解了氣體鉆井井筒瞬變流動模型,分析了注氣和停氣兩個典型氣體鉆井井筒瞬變流工況,并對其影響因素進(jìn)行了分析。 (2)結(jié)合現(xiàn)場實測甲烷濃度曲線,分別建立了基質(zhì)產(chǎn)層、裂縫組產(chǎn)層、單裂縫產(chǎn)層的瞬態(tài)滲流模型,采用有限差分法對其直接求解,分析了不同類型產(chǎn)層的瞬態(tài)滲流特征及影響因素。 (3)設(shè)計了一維巖心瞬態(tài)滲流實驗裝置,利用該裝置模擬了定壓邊界和封閉邊界條件下的一維巖心瞬態(tài)滲流,實驗結(jié)果與理論計算吻合較好,一定程度上說明了地層瞬態(tài)滲流模型的準(zhǔn)確性。 (4)基于地層-井筒耦合瞬態(tài)流動計算方法,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場實例分析了氣體鉆開裂縫組產(chǎn)層后井筒壓力波動規(guī)律,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)氣體鉆開裂縫組產(chǎn)層后,井底壓力迅速增大,井底流量激增至峰值后衰減,立管和環(huán)空出口的響應(yīng)分別為立管壓力增大和環(huán)空出口流量增大,這一響應(yīng)可用于在氣體鉆井時及時識別持續(xù)產(chǎn)氣能力較強的產(chǎn)層。 (5)分析了氣體鉆開單裂縫產(chǎn)層后井筒壓力波動規(guī)律,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)氣體鉆開單裂縫產(chǎn)層后,井底會產(chǎn)生較大的壓力擾動,井底流量和井底壓力均迅速激增至峰值后逐漸衰減,呈現(xiàn)出先增長后減小的波動變化,但是立管壓力和環(huán)空出口流量變化非常微弱。 本文研究成果對于深入認(rèn)識氣體鉆開產(chǎn)氣層井筒流動機(jī)理及加強井筒安全風(fēng)險控制具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Gas drilling has been widely used in Sichuan Basin and Tarim Basin because of its advantages such as quick mechanical drilling, low cost, low cost and reservoir protection, which is considered to be an effective way to solve the problem of exploitation of oil and gas resources in Sichuan Basin and Tarim Basin. But the unstable and high velocity flow of wellbore caused by formation gas production will lead to a series of safety risks. At present, there is no clear understanding of wellbore pressure fluctuation law after formation gas production. Lack of quantitative calculation model, the accurate assessment of risk and effective control of the lack of scientific theoretical basis. Therefore, the mechanism of pressure fluctuation in gas drilling well bore is systematically studied in this paper. The specific contents of the study and the main results achieved are as follows: 1) the basic governing equation of wellbore flow in gas drilling is established, and the transient flow model of gas drilling wellbore is solved by using the characteristic line method and the finite difference method. The transient flow conditions of two typical gas drilling wells, gas injection and gas stoppage, are analyzed, and the influencing factors are analyzed. 2) combined with the measured methane concentration curve in the field, the transient seepage models of the matrix layer, the fracture group layer and the single fracture layer are established, and the finite difference method is used to solve them directly. The characteristics and influencing factors of transient seepage in different types of production layers are analyzed. An experimental device for transient seepage of one-dimensional core is designed. The transient seepage of one-dimensional core under the condition of constant pressure boundary and closed boundary is simulated by the device. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation. To a certain extent, the accuracy of the formation transient seepage model is explained. 4) based on the coupled transient flow calculation method of formation and wellbore, combined with field examples, the pressure fluctuation law of wellbore after gas drilling fracture formation is analyzed, and it is found that gas drilling fracture group produces layer. The bottom hole pressure increases rapidly, the bottom hole flow increases to the peak value, and the response of riser and annular outlet is the increase of riser pressure and annular outlet flow, respectively. This response can be used to identify gas producing layers with strong continuous gas production ability in time during gas drilling. (5) the pressure fluctuation law of wellbore after gas drilling has been analyzed, and it is found that there will be a big pressure disturbance in the bottom hole after gas drilling. The bottom hole flow rate and bottom hole pressure rapidly surge to the peak and gradually decrease, showing a fluctuation change of first increase and then decrease, but the variation of riser pressure and annulus outlet flow rate is very weak. The research results in this paper are of great significance for further understanding the wellbore flow mechanism and enhancing the wellbore safety risk control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE24

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