本文關鍵詞： 低滲致密氣藏 壓裂水平井 產量遞減 產能 啟動壓力梯度　出處：《西南石油大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著常規(guī)油氣資源量不斷減少和全球油氣需求量不斷增加,非常規(guī)油氣資源的重要性日益突出。而在非常規(guī)氣藏中,致密砂巖氣資源量占有相當大的比重。眾所周知,低滲致密砂巖氣藏有低孔低滲、連通性差、存在“啟動壓力”等特點。目前開發(fā)此類氣藏的主體技術是壓裂水平井技術,該技術通過改善儲層的滲流場等來實現(xiàn)氣藏增產,但生產實踐表明部分低滲致密氣藏壓裂水平井仍存在著明顯的產量遞減現(xiàn)象,如何利用壓裂水平井技術高效開發(fā)此類氣藏是目前重要的課題,因此亟需開展低滲致密氣藏壓裂水平井產量遞減規(guī)律及產能研究。 運用氣藏工程、數(shù)值模擬方法,結合典型低滲致密氣藏—MJ氣田JP2氣藏靜態(tài)地質資料和壓裂水平井生產動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù),開展了MJ氣田JP2低滲致密氣藏壓裂水平井產量遞減規(guī)律及產能研究。 首先,分析MJ氣田JP2氣藏的地質特征、開發(fā)特征及當前的主要問題。 其次,針對JP2氣藏15口典型壓裂水平井的動態(tài)生產數(shù)據(jù),運用現(xiàn)代氣井產量遞減分析方法,計算氣井的控制儲量、泄氣半徑、遞減類型、遞減率等參數(shù),并開展JP2氣藏壓裂水平井產量遞減原因分析和開發(fā)對策探討。 再次,基于低滲致密氣藏普遍存在“啟動壓力”現(xiàn)象,建立考慮啟動壓力梯度下的低滲致密氣藏壓裂水平井產能計算公式。然后結合JP2氣藏壓裂水平井的靜態(tài)參數(shù)范圍,對壓裂水平井產能影響因素開展敏感性分析。 再次,結合JP2氣藏實際地質模型,建立低滲致密氣藏壓裂水平井精細數(shù)值模擬模型,利用數(shù)值模擬方法研究啟動壓力梯度對壓裂水平井產能的影響規(guī)律。然后對水平井段在縱向上的位置、水平井長度,以及壓裂縫間距、條數(shù)、半長、導流能力等參數(shù)對水平井產能影響規(guī)律進行了研究,并優(yōu)選壓裂水平井參數(shù)及壓裂縫參數(shù)組合。 研究取得的主要結論和認識有：(1)JP2低滲致密氣藏15口壓裂水平井產量遞減明顯,主要符合指數(shù)遞減,平均遞減率為53.99%,平均單井控制儲量為0.1825×108m3,平均泄氣半徑為145.37m；(2)建立了考慮啟動壓力梯度下的壓裂水平井產能模型,產能影響因素敏感性分析表明啟動壓力梯度的存在對壓裂水平井產量的影響“不容忽視”,最大可導致氣井產量降低56.69%；(3)JP2氣藏精細數(shù)值模擬研究表明,啟動壓力梯度最大可導致氣井產量降低21.12%,而壓裂縫可以有效地減弱啟動壓力梯度對氣井產量的影響；(4)水平井段選擇高部位打井有利于氣井的增產,而水平井長度和壓裂縫間距、條數(shù)、半長、導流能力的增加,能不同程度地增加氣井產量,但增幅逐漸減小
[Abstract]:With the decrease of conventional oil and gas resources and the increasing global oil and gas demand, the importance of unconventional oil and gas resources is becoming increasingly prominent. It is well known that there are low porosity and low permeability in tight sandstone gas reservoirs with poor connectivity. At present, the main technology of developing this kind of gas reservoir is fracturing horizontal well technology, which can improve the percolation field of the reservoir to increase the production of the gas reservoir. But production practice shows that fracturing horizontal wells in some low-permeability tight gas reservoirs still have obvious production decline phenomenon, how to use fracturing horizontal wells technology to develop such gas reservoirs is an important topic at present. Therefore, it is urgent to study the production decline law and productivity of fractured horizontal wells in low permeability tight gas reservoirs. By using gas reservoir engineering and numerical simulation method, combined with static geological data of JP2 gas reservoir and production performance data of fractured horizontal wells in typical low permeability tight gas reservoir MJ gas field. The production decline law and productivity of fractured horizontal wells in JP2 low permeability tight gas reservoirs in MJ gas field are studied. Firstly, the geological characteristics, development characteristics and main problems of JP2 gas reservoir in MJ gas field are analyzed. Secondly, according to the dynamic production data of 15 typical fracturing horizontal wells in JP2 gas reservoir, the controlled reserves, gas leakage radius and decline type of gas wells are calculated by using modern gas well production decline analysis method. The decline rate and other parameters are analyzed and the production decline of JP2 gas reservoir fracturing horizontal well is analyzed and the development countermeasures are discussed. Thirdly, based on the low permeability tight gas reservoir, the phenomenon of "start-up pressure" is common. A formula for calculating the productivity of fracturing horizontal wells in low permeability tight gas reservoirs considering starting pressure gradient is established, and then the static parameters range of fractured horizontal wells in JP2 gas reservoir is combined. Sensitivity analysis of factors affecting productivity of fractured horizontal well is carried out. Thirdly, combining with the actual geological model of JP2 gas reservoir, the fine numerical simulation model of fracturing horizontal well in low permeability tight gas reservoir is established. The effect of starting pressure gradient on productivity of fractured horizontal well is studied by numerical simulation method. Then, the vertical position, horizontal well length, fracture spacing, number of bars and half length of horizontal well section are studied. The effects of flow conductivity and other parameters on the productivity of horizontal wells are studied, and the combination of fracturing horizontal well parameters and fracturing fracture parameters is selected. The main conclusions and understandings of the study are that the production of 15 fracturing horizontal wells in the low permeability tight gas reservoir is obviously decreasing, which is mainly in accordance with the exponential decline, with an average decline rate of 53.99%. The average controlled reserve of single well is 0.1825 脳 10 ~ 8m ~ 3, and the average leakage radius is 145.37 m; (2) the productivity model of fractured horizontal well considering starting pressure gradient is established. The sensitivity analysis of productivity influence factors shows that the influence of starting pressure gradient on horizontal well production can not be ignored. The maximum gas well output can be reduced by 56.69; The fine numerical simulation of gas reservoir shows that the maximum starting pressure gradient can reduce the gas well production by 21.12%, and the pressure fracture can effectively weaken the effect of the starting pressure gradient on the gas well production. 4) the selection of high position in horizontal well section is beneficial to increase production of gas wells, but the increase of horizontal well length and fracturing spacing, number of bars, half length and conductivity can increase the production of gas wells to varying degrees, but the increase is gradually decreasing.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE348

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本文編號：1460298