本文關(guān)鍵詞： 油頁巖 注蒸汽 SEM 壓汞試驗 紅外光譜 微觀特征　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在我國能源結(jié)構(gòu)中煤炭資源所占比重在不斷減少,清潔能源所占比例逐步提高,能源的多元化發(fā)展是大勢所趨。油頁巖是非常規(guī)油氣資源,而且我國油頁巖礦藏的儲量豐富,故該類資源的開發(fā)利用對緩解我國油氣能源需求的緊張局勢具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。目前,油頁巖原位開采技術(shù)得到了大范圍的應(yīng)用,本文以撫順油頁巖為研究對象,在過熱蒸汽原位開采油頁巖模擬試驗的基礎(chǔ)上,通過掃描電鏡、壓汞試驗以及紅外光譜分析相結(jié)合的方法對熱解礦層的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和熱解規(guī)律進(jìn)行了綜合分析,得到的主要研究成果如下:(1)通過SEM方法對撫順油頁巖和新疆油頁巖在不同溫度下的形貌特征和細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了對比分析,從而為油頁巖的原位注蒸汽開采技術(shù)提供一定的實驗依據(jù)。研究表明,撫順油頁巖礦物質(zhì)分布以零散分布的高嶺石和片狀的石英為主,新疆油頁巖礦物質(zhì)分布以鱗片狀的蒙脫石和塊狀的石英為主;隨著溫度的升高,黏土礦物層發(fā)生“脫水~層間破裂~層內(nèi)張拉脆性破裂”的熱破裂過程,而在形態(tài)上表現(xiàn)為“粘連~軟化~熔融”的特征;撫順油頁巖發(fā)生熱破裂消耗的能量要低于新疆油頁巖,在壓裂過程中裂縫發(fā)育程度更為明顯,有機(jī)質(zhì)熱解更為高效。(2)在過熱蒸汽原位熱解油頁巖的過程中,油頁巖礦層受到蒸汽壓力和地應(yīng)力的雙重作用,通過壓汞法對過熱蒸汽熱解油頁巖后巖體內(nèi)部孔洞特征進(jìn)行研究,得到了平行于水平主裂縫方向以及垂直主裂縫方向油頁巖的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)、孔隙度以及孔徑變化規(guī)律:主裂縫上各個位置油頁巖孔隙度均處于26.5%以上,孔隙度較大,說明油頁巖在注蒸汽開采下孔隙度發(fā)生了質(zhì)的改變;靠近頂板基巖段的礦層孔隙度較低,其熱解形式以熱傳導(dǎo)為主;在主裂縫的各個位置,不同類別孔隙所占百分比表現(xiàn)為:中孔小孔大孔微孔,中孔對孔隙度變化規(guī)律的貢獻(xiàn)度最大;對油頁巖礦層不同位置的孔隙度進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計,得到充分熱解礦層百分比達(dá)到了81.6846%,充分證實了注蒸汽原位熱解油頁巖開采油氣的可行性和高效率。(3)通過對過熱蒸汽熱解后油頁巖礦層的滲透特性以及分形規(guī)律進(jìn)行綜合分析。研究表明,原位開采下油頁巖礦層的有效孔隙率要低于直接干餾熱解得到的油頁巖有效孔隙率,這主要是受到地應(yīng)力的影響;主裂縫方向上油頁巖孔隙的迂曲度集中在2.15~2.17之間,垂直主裂縫方向上油頁巖孔隙的迂曲度集中在2.145~2.165之間,整體上熱解礦層的迂曲度較小;通過多元回歸分析的方法得到了比表面積、有效孔隙率、迂曲度以及孔隙喉孔比等因素與油頁巖滲透率之間的定量關(guān)系,同時對不同因素的影響效果進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步對比。(4)本文還對過熱蒸汽熱解油頁巖礦層后不同位置巖體的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)演變規(guī)律進(jìn)行了紅外光譜分析,認(rèn)為隨著油頁巖干酪根的不斷熱解,一方面,脂肪族化合物官能團(tuán)不斷發(fā)生熱裂解,另一方面,隨著過熱蒸汽的不斷注入,C=C鍵的強(qiáng)度被削弱,不穩(wěn)定的殘鍵之間的電子發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,從而生成了新的大π鍵,提高了芳構(gòu)化程度;高溫高壓水蒸氣不僅起到熱解油頁巖的作用,而且在高溫下水蒸氣與油頁巖中的碳酸鹽之間發(fā)生復(fù)雜的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。本文得到的研究結(jié)論對過熱蒸汽原位熱解油頁巖技術(shù)的發(fā)展提供了一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In China's energy structure, coal resources proportion is decreasing, gradually increase the proportion of clean energy, diversified development of energy is represent the general trend. The oil shale is unconventional oil and gas resources, and China's oil shale reserves rich, so the development and utilization of resources to alleviate the tensions in the oil and gas energy demand in China has important practical significance. At present, oil shale in-situ technique has been widely used, this paper takes Fushun oil shale as the research object, based on the oil shale in the superheated steam in situ simulation test, through scanning electron microscope, mercury penetration test and infrared spectrum analysis of combining pyrolysis ore microstructure and pyrolysis are analyzed, the main research results are as follows: (1) through the SEM method on the morphology characteristics of Fushun oil shale and Xinjiang oil shale under different temperature And the meso structure were analyzed. The oil shale in situ so as to provide some experimental basis for steam injection technology. The research results show that the distribution of minerals in Fushun oil shale scattered distribution of kaolinite and quartz flake, Xinjiang oil shale mineral distribution in scaly montmorillonite and massive quartz; with the increase of temperature the clay mineral layer, dehydration of the interlaminar fracture layer ~ ~ tensile brittle fracture "thermal cracking process, characteristics and in form" ~ ~ adhesion softening melting "; the energy consumption of thermal cracking is lower than that of the Xinjiang oil shale oil shale in Fushun, in the process of fracturing fracture development degree obviously, organic matter was more efficient. (2) in the process of superheated steam in situ pyrolysis oil shale, oil shale seam is influenced by both the steam pressure and stress, through the mercury method of superheated steam The pyrolysis of oil shale after internal pore characteristics of rock mass are studied, the parallel to the direction of fracture and pore structure of vertical fracture direction of oil shale, porosity and aperture of main crack on each position of the oil shale porosity is above 26.5%, porosity is large, the results showed that oil shale mining porosity occurred in steam injection the change of the quality; near the roof rock strata with low porosity, the pyrolysis in the form of heat conduction; in each position of the main crack, the percentage of different types of pore are as follows: Kong Xiaokong macroporous and microporous, mesoporous contribution to the variation of the maximum degree of porosity; statistics of oil shale deposits in different positions the porosity of full seam pyrolysis percentage reached 81.6846%, fully demonstrated the feasibility of the exploitation of oil and gas injection steam pyrolysis oil shale in situ and high efficiency (3) through. The comprehensive analysis of the seepage characteristics of oil shale deposits of superheated steam pyrolysis and fractal law. The research results show that the effective porosity of oil shale deposits in situ mining of oil shale porosity lower than direct carbonization and pyrolysis, which is mainly affected by the stress; the direction of fracture of oil shale pore tortuosity concentrated between 2.15~2.17. The vertical direction of the main crack of oil shale pore tortuosity between the 2.145~2.165, pyrolysis seam tortuosity smaller on the whole; by multiple regression analysis method to get the specific surface area, porosity, the quantitative relationship between the tortuosity and pore throat ratio and factors such as oil shale permeability, while the effect of different factors a further comparison. (4) the chemical structure of superheated steam pyrolysis of oil shale deposits in different position of rock evolution law 榪涜浜嗙孩澶栧厜璋卞垎鏋，

本文編號：1452160