本文關(guān)鍵詞： 吡啶堿 粘土穩(wěn)定劑 環(huán)氧氯丙烷 氯化芐 復(fù)配　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在油田開采過程中,需要有針對性地使用粘土穩(wěn)定劑,否則會造成粘土物質(zhì)的水化膨脹和分散運移,堵塞孔隙喉道,降低地層的滲透性,進而影響到開采效果。本文以醛氨法生產(chǎn)吡啶的副產(chǎn)物(簡稱3#吡啶堿)為原料,分別與環(huán)氧氯丙烷和氯化芐發(fā)生反應(yīng),研制合成了兩種新型粘土穩(wěn)定劑。考察了反應(yīng)過程中的影響因素,確定了最佳合成條件,在室內(nèi)實驗中進行了粘土防膨效果評價及復(fù)配實驗,并探討了粘土穩(wěn)定相關(guān)機理。具體研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下：1.以3#比啶堿和環(huán)氧氯丙烷為原料合成PCS-01粘土穩(wěn)定劑的最佳反應(yīng)條件是：原料的質(zhì)量比m(3#吡啶堿)：m(環(huán)氧氯丙烷)=1.2：1,60℃時滴加環(huán)氧氯丙烷,在90℃下恒溫反應(yīng)10h。性能測定表明,該粘土穩(wěn)定劑與地層水配伍性良好,最佳使用濃度是8%,此時的靜態(tài)防膨率為87.2%,耐水洗率高達92.7%,耐高溫性能好,可在90℃以下的高溫環(huán)境下使用。2.以3#吡啶堿和氯化芐為原料合成PCS-02粘土穩(wěn)定劑的最佳反應(yīng)條件是：原料的質(zhì)量比m(3#吡啶堿)：m(氯化芐)=1：1.1,在65℃下滴加氯化芐,恒溫80℃下反應(yīng)8h。最佳使用濃度是6%,此時的靜態(tài)防膨率為88.2%,耐水洗率為93.2%,具有一定的耐高溫性。PCS-02防膨性能優(yōu)于PCS-01粘土穩(wěn)定劑,但與地層水的配伍性較弱。3.選取KCl、NH4Cl分別與PCS-01、02粘土穩(wěn)定劑進行二元復(fù)配,最佳復(fù)配方案如下：8% PCS-01粘土穩(wěn)定劑+1.5%NH4Cl,防膨率為93.8%;6% PCS-02粘土穩(wěn)定劑+1.0% KC1,防膨率為92.6%,均優(yōu)于單獨使用的效果。將KCl、NH4Cl,與PCS-01、02粘土穩(wěn)定劑進行三元復(fù)配,運用正交實驗法選出了最佳復(fù)配方案：8% PCS-01粘土穩(wěn)定劑+0.3%KCl+0.8% NH4Cl,防膨率為92.6%；6% PCS-02粘土穩(wěn)定劑+0.8%KC1+0.5% NH4Cl,防膨率為92.2%。在復(fù)配性能方面PCS-01優(yōu)于PCS-02粘土穩(wěn)定劑。4.復(fù)合型粘土穩(wěn)定劑的防膨性能均優(yōu)于單獨使用的效果,耐溫性能良好,適合在30～90℃溫度區(qū)間內(nèi)使用。復(fù)配后其耐水洗率有所下降,但幅度較小,仍在90%左右,故可作為耐高溫型長效粘土穩(wěn)定劑使用。
[Abstract]:In the process of oilfield production, clay stabilizer is needed, otherwise it will cause hydration expansion and dispersed migration of clay material, block pore throat and reduce formation permeability. In this paper, the by-product of pyridine production by aldehyde-ammonia method (abbreviated as #datepyridine base) was used as raw material to react with epichlorohydrin and benzyl chloride, respectively. Two kinds of new clay stabilizers were synthesized, the influencing factors in the reaction process were investigated, the optimum synthetic conditions were determined, and the anti-swelling effect evaluation and compound experiment of clay were carried out in laboratory experiments. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. The optimum reaction conditions for the synthesis of PCS-01 clay stabilizer from alididine and epichlorohydrin are as follows: 1. Mass ratio of raw materials. (1. 2: 1) epichlorohydrin. Epichlorohydrin was added at 60 鈩，

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