本文關(guān)鍵詞： 二氧化碳 沸騰液體擴(kuò)展蒸氣爆炸 過熱液體 過熱極限理論 突變理論　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在碳捕集與貯存（Carbon Capture and Storage，CCS）及其提高油田采收率技術(shù)（Carbon Capture and Storage-Enhanced Oil Recovery，CCS-EOR）技術(shù)中，需要將高壓下的液態(tài)或超臨界CO2通過油管注入到井下，實現(xiàn)原油驅(qū)替。在這一生產(chǎn)流程中，存在發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的CO2沸騰液體擴(kuò)展蒸氣爆炸（Boiling Liquid Expanding VaporExplosion，BLEVE）事故的風(fēng)險。目前國內(nèi)外對于BLEVE的研究主要是針對液化石油氣、液化天然氣和過熱水等物質(zhì)，但對于CO2-BLEVE的機(jī)理、過程、效應(yīng)的研究很少。為此，論文從理論和實驗兩方面對CO2-BLEVE過程進(jìn)行了探索性的研究。 過熱極限溫度是BLEVE現(xiàn)象的一個重要指標(biāo)，根據(jù)過熱極限理論，它決定了BLEVE是否發(fā)生以及蒸氣爆炸劇烈程度。論文以范德華方程為基礎(chǔ)，利用突變理論的分析方法，，建立了熱作用下CO2蒸氣爆炸的尖點突變模型，提出了基于突變理論的CO2過熱極限溫度的計算方法。指出由于勢的變化導(dǎo)致氣液兩相系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)的改變，通過尖點突變的拐點集計算得到CO2在不同壓力下的過熱極限溫度。 借助“CO2可視兩相流動及爆炸實驗裝置”對固態(tài)CO2在熱作用下發(fā)生蒸氣爆炸過程進(jìn)行了實驗研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)容器內(nèi)的CO2從上至下按過熱氣相、飽和氣液兩相、過冷液相分層存在，且溫度從上部到底部逐步降低，熱分層導(dǎo)致相同容器壓力下液相的能量降低，影響了沸騰響應(yīng)和壓力恢復(fù)過程，泄放后壓力下降幅度和下降速率越大，壓力回升幅度及回升達(dá)到的最大壓力也越大，大致呈線性關(guān)系。實驗結(jié)果和論文所建立的理論模型進(jìn)行了對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)過熱極限理論所提出的過熱極限溫度不是CO2-BLEVE發(fā)生的必要條件，但是相對升壓量與相對降壓量之間存在著很強(qiáng)的正相關(guān)性，即過熱度越大，CO2發(fā)生蒸氣爆炸強(qiáng)度越劇烈，壓力反彈越大。
[Abstract]:Carbon Capture and Storage in carbon capture and storage. CCS) and its enhanced oil recovery technology carbon Capture and Storage-Enhanced Oil Recovery. In CCS-EOR technology, it is necessary to inject the liquid or supercritical CO2 under high pressure into the well through the tubing to realize the displacement of crude oil. There is a serious CO2 boiling liquid spreading vapor explosion that causes Liquid Expanding VaporExplosion. At present, domestic and foreign research on BLEVE is mainly focused on liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and superhot water and other substances, but for the mechanism of CO2-BLEVE, the process. There are few studies on the effects. Therefore, the CO2-BLEVE process is studied theoretically and experimentally. Superheated limit temperature is an important index of BLEVE phenomenon. According to the superheating limit theory, it determines whether BLEVE occurs and the intensity of vapor explosion. The paper is based on van der Waals equation. The cusp catastrophe model of CO2 vapor explosion under thermal action is established by using the analysis method of catastrophe theory. A method for calculating the superheated limit temperature of CO2 based on catastrophe theory is proposed. It is pointed out that the state of gas-liquid two-phase system is changed due to the change of potential. The superheated limit temperature of CO2 at different pressures is obtained by calculating the inflection point set of the cusp mutation. The vapor explosion process of solid CO2 under thermal action was studied by means of "CO2 visible two-phase flow and explosion experimental device". It was found that the CO2 in the container was superheated gas phase from top to bottom. Saturated gas-liquid two-phase supercooled liquid delamination exists and the temperature gradually decreases from upper to bottom. Thermal stratification results in the decrease of liquid energy at the same pressure which affects the boiling response and pressure recovery process. The larger the pressure drop and the decrease rate after release, the greater the pressure rise range and the maximum pressure reached, which is approximately linear. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical model established in this paper. It is found that the superheating limit temperature proposed by the superheating limit theory is not a necessary condition for the occurrence of CO2-BLEVE, but there is a strong positive correlation between the relative pressure rise and the relative pressure reduction, that is, the greater the superheat is. The more intense the CO2 vapor explosion, the greater the pressure rebound.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.45

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