本文關(guān)鍵詞： 微藻油脂 生物柴油 PUFAs甘油酯 Novozym 435脂肪酶 分子蒸餾法 單因素優(yōu)化 響應(yīng)面法 二十二碳五烯酸(DPA) 二十二碳六烯酸(DHA) 回收率　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：微藻油脂不僅是生物柴油制備的理想原料,還可作為多不飽和脂肪酸的重要來源。對于多不飽和脂肪酸含量相對較高的微藻油脂,可將生物柴油生產(chǎn)和多不飽和脂肪酸(PUFAs)富集工藝過程整合起來,從而在獲得高價值的PUFAs甘油酯產(chǎn)品的同時解決藻油制備生物柴油成本較高的問題。本文首先研究并優(yōu)化了微藻油脂乙酯化工藝,然后探索了分子蒸餾法富集PUFAs乙酯的條件,在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究了PUFAs乙酯轉(zhuǎn)化為PUFAs甘油酯的酶法工藝,獲得如下主要結(jié)果。(1)通過單因素實驗優(yōu)化,獲得堿法催化藻油乙酯化最優(yōu)條件為:NaOH用量1.0%,溫度75.0°C,醇油摩爾比10.0:1,反應(yīng)時間2.0 h,乙酯得率達96.03%。同時,通過單因素及響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化,獲得的酶法乙酯化最優(yōu)條件為:Novozym 435脂肪酶用量6.0%,醇油摩爾比4.0:1,溫度44.7°C,反應(yīng)時間17.6 h,乙酯得率可達94.86%。通過比較發(fā)現(xiàn),酶法催化乙酯化反應(yīng)條件溫和,得到的產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)好,且不需要后期處理,是更適合的工藝方法。(2)研究了分子蒸餾法富集多不飽和脂肪酸乙酯工藝,優(yōu)化獲得的最優(yōu)條件為溫度90°C,轉(zhuǎn)速150 rpm,最優(yōu)條件下重相得率為43.79%,主要脂肪酸成分為C18:1(4.36%),C18:2(2.02%),C20:5(1.54%),C22:5(22.39%)和C22:6(58.96%),重相中二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)乙酯含量為81.35%,DPA和DHA乙酯回收率為87.20%。輕相得率為56.21%,主要脂肪酸成分為C14:0(15.56%),C16:0(35.80%),C16:1(2.76%),C18:1(17.30%),C18:2(9.33%),C18:3(2.16%),C22:5(2.80%),C22:6(6.50%),可作為生物柴油。(3)通過單因素及響應(yīng)面法優(yōu)化了PUFAs乙酯轉(zhuǎn)化為PUFAs甘油酯的酶法工藝,獲得的PUFAs甘油酯合成的最優(yōu)條件為:Novozym 435脂肪酶用量3.1%,乙酯甘油摩爾比3.1:1,溫度61.3°C,PUFAs甘油酯得率為96.96%。通過分子蒸餾除去反應(yīng)中殘留乙酯后,產(chǎn)物成分為甘油三酯(TAG,71.74%),1,3-甘二酯(1,3-DAG,23.26%),1,2-甘二酯(1,2-DAG,4.75%),單甘酯(MAG,0.10%)。(4)在整個生物柴油制備和PUFAs甘油酯富集工藝中,生物柴油得率為56.07%,主要脂肪酸成分為C14:0(15.56%),C16:0(35.80%),C16:1(2.76%),C18:1(17.30%),C18:2(9.33%),C18:3(2.16%),C22:5(2.80%),C22:6(6.50%)。PUFAs甘油酯得率為43.04%,甘油酯成分為TAG(71.74%),1,3-DAG(23.26%),1,2-DAG(4.75%),MAG(0.10%),甘油酯中DPA和DHA總含量為83.93%,是原油中的2.2倍,DPA和DHA回收率為85.80%。
[Abstract]:Microalgal oil is not only the ideal raw material for biodiesel preparation, also can be used as an important source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The unsaturated fatty acid content was relatively high in microalgal oil, the biodiesel production and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) enrichment process integration, so as to solve the algae oil preparation the high cost of biodiesel in PUFAs glycerol ester products of high value at the same time. This paper research and optimization of the microalgae oil ethyl esterification, and then explore the molecular distillation process of ethyl PUFAs enrichment conditions, on this basis, the research of PUFAs ethyl into enzymatic process PUFAs glycerol ester, the main results are as follows. (1) optimized by single factor experiment, obtained by alkali catalyzed esterification of algal oil optimal conditions were: NaOH dosage 1%, temperature 75 C, molar ratio of methanol to oil 10.0:1, the reaction time is 2 h, the yield of ethyl 96.03%. When optimized by single factor and response surface, the optimal conditions of enzymatic ester obtained for: Novozym 435 lipase dosage 6%, molar ratio of methanol to oil 4.0:1, temperature 44.7 C, reaction time is 17.6 h, the yield of ethyl 94.86%. by comparison, enzymatic esterification reaction conditions are mild, the quality of products well, and do not need treatment, process is more suitable. (2) to study the molecular distillation enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester process, the optimal conditions obtained for the temperature of 90 degrees C, speed of 150 rpm, the optimum conditions of heavy phase was 43.79%, main fatty acid compositions were C18:1 (4.36%), C18:2 (2.02%), C20:5 (1.54%), C22:5 (22.39%) and C22:6 (58.96%), phase twenty-two heavy carbon five acid (DPA) and twenty-two (DHA) six carbon acid ethyl ester content is 81.35%, DPA recovery rate of 87.20%. and DHA ethyl light phase was 56.21%, the main fatty acid composition C14:0 (15.56%),C16:0(35.80%),C16:1(2.76%),C18:1(17.30%),C18:2(9.33%),C18:3(2.16%),C22:5(2.80%),C22:6(6.50%),鍙綔涓虹敓鐗╂煷娌，

本文編號：1448821