本文關(guān)鍵詞： 原油乳化液 電場波形 小型快速測評裝置 靜電聚結(jié)微觀機理　出處：《北京石油化工學院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：高含水油田、深水油田、邊際油田和綠色油田的開發(fā)給油氣集輸流程帶來新的挑戰(zhàn),對高效緊湊型原油電脫水技術(shù)的需求日益迫切,不僅需要相關(guān)原油電脫水技術(shù)和設(shè)備創(chuàng)新,原油乳化液電脫水過程中水滴的微觀靜電聚結(jié)機理研究也有待深入。本文以原油乳化液為研究對象,以介觀和微觀為研究尺度,以對比工頻和高頻電場為切入點,圍繞原油乳化液高效破乳技術(shù)的相關(guān)機理與特性開展了一系列的實驗研究。本文首先在介觀尺度下借助靜電聚結(jié)實驗裝置研究了靜態(tài)環(huán)境下原油乳化液在不同電場波形下的靜電聚結(jié)特性,實驗結(jié)果表明在原油乳化液特性一致、其余電場參數(shù)相同的條件下,不同波形破乳效果的排序依次為:交流方波?交流正弦波?交流三角形波?脈沖直流。搭建了小型原油靜電聚結(jié)快速測試評價試驗裝置,運用流花11-1油田老化油進行動態(tài)靜電聚結(jié)脫水實驗研究,結(jié)果表明老化油在高頻/高壓電場下破乳效果最高可達97.8%,明顯高于工頻/高壓電場4.2%的聚結(jié)脫水效果。在微觀尺度上,運用“近紅外相機+顯微鏡”組合,研究了原油乳化液中單個水滴在不同電場參數(shù)和物性參數(shù)下的破碎機理,實驗結(jié)果表明,工頻電場主要通過對液滴的過度拉伸使液滴破碎,且液滴失穩(wěn)時的最大長徑比可達2.54;高頻電場則通過增加液滴界面膜的不穩(wěn)定性導(dǎo)致液滴扭曲破碎,失穩(wěn)時的最大長徑比低于工頻電場。以兩個液滴和液滴群為研究對象,觀察了電場強度、電場頻率和液滴粒徑值對靜電聚結(jié)過程中液滴中心距和相對運動速度的影響,實驗結(jié)果表明,頻率主要影響液滴接觸碰撞時的瞬間行為影響聚結(jié),電場強度對液滴聚結(jié)速度的影響較大,但電場強度過大會引起液滴發(fā)生電分散現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致多個更細碎液滴分散在乳化液中,增加了乳化液的穩(wěn)定性,液滴粒徑越大聚結(jié)速度越快,但液滴粒徑較大時,電場頻率和電場電壓值均不宜過高,此時液滴界面膜不穩(wěn)定,外界擾動劇烈時液滴容易發(fā)生破碎。論文的研究成果豐富了原油乳化液靜電聚結(jié)破乳的研究內(nèi)涵,揭示了高頻/高壓交流脈沖電場在破乳聚結(jié)方面有別于其他電場的深層作用機制及其優(yōu)越性,為該項電場破乳技術(shù)在原油脫水(鹽)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用提供了技術(shù)依據(jù),為油氣集輸工藝的高效緊湊化開發(fā)奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The development of high water cut oil field, deep water field, marginal oil field and green oil field brings new challenges to oil and gas gathering and transportation process, and the demand of high efficiency compact electric dehydration technology for crude oil is more and more urgent. It is necessary not only to innovate the technology and equipment of electric dehydration of crude oil, but also to study the micro-electrostatic coalescence mechanism of water droplets in the process of electric dehydration of crude oil emulsion. Mesoscopic and microcosmic as the research scale, contrast power frequency and high frequency electric field as the breakthrough point. A series of experimental studies have been carried out on the mechanism and characteristics of high efficiency demulsification technology for crude oil emulsions. Firstly, the electrostatic coalescence experimental device at mesoscopic scale was used to study crude oil emulsions under different electrical conditions in static environment. Electrostatic coalescence characteristics under field waveform. The experimental results show that the order of demulsification effect of different waveforms is as follows: ac square wave when the characteristics of crude oil emulsion are the same and the other electric field parameters are the same. Ac sine wave? Ac triangular waves? Pulse DC. Set up a small test device for rapid test and evaluation of electrostatic coalescence of crude oil, and use aging oil of Liuhua 11-1 oil field to carry out dynamic electrostatic coalescence dehydration experimental study. The results show that the highest demulsification effect of aging oil under high frequency / high voltage field is 97. 8, which is obviously higher than that of coalescence and dehydration of power frequency / high voltage electric field 4.2%. The crusher mechanism of single water droplet in crude oil emulsion under different electric and physical parameters was studied by using the combination of "near infrared camera microscope". The experimental results show that. The power frequency electric field mainly makes the droplet break up by excessive drawing, and the maximum aspect ratio can reach 2.54 when the droplet is unstable. The high frequency electric field increases the instability of the liquid droplet interfacial film and results in the distortion and breakage of the droplet, and the maximum aspect ratio is lower than the power frequency electric field. The electric field intensity is observed with two droplets and droplet groups as the research objects. The effect of electric field frequency and droplet particle size on the droplet center distance and relative velocity during electrostatic coalescence. The experimental results show that the frequency mainly affects the instantaneous behavior of droplet contact and collision. The electric field intensity has a great influence on the droplet coalescence speed, but if the electric field intensity is too high, the droplet will be dispersed in the emulsion, which will increase the stability of the emulsion. The larger the droplet size is, the faster the coalescence speed is, but when the droplet size is larger, the electric field frequency and electric field voltage should not be too high, and the liquid drop boundary film is unstable. The research results of this paper enrich the research connotation of electrostatic coalescence and demulsification of crude oil emulsion. The deep action mechanism and superiority of high frequency / high voltage AC pulse electric field in demulsification and coalescence are revealed. It provides the technical basis for the application of the electric field demulsification technology in the field of crude oil dehydration (salt) and lays a solid foundation for the highly efficient and compact development of oil and gas gathering and transportation technology.
【學位授予單位】：北京石油化工學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE868

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前8條

1 段海霞;萬新國;;霧化-UV/O_3氧化TNT廢水的實驗研究[J];環(huán)境工程;2009年S1期

2 劉妍卿;仇性啟;王超;;可調(diào)式噴嘴霧化液滴粒徑分布預(yù)測[J];工業(yè)加熱;2012年04期

3 呂宇玲;何利民;程浩;羅小明;;油水兩相分散流液滴粒徑預(yù)測模型[J];化工學報;2012年07期

4 趙敏潔;高有飛;馬立國;;LSXPT-1型雙向液體噴頭的研究[J];石油煉制與化工;2014年03期

5 張憲瑞;閆鵬;畢榮山;;氣液噴射器的不同液滴粒徑分布特性研究[J];科學技術(shù)與工程;2012年16期

6 劉秋生;;M5型噴嘴噴淋液滴粒徑分布實驗研究[J];華東電力;2014年03期

7 張超;張宏超;孔臻;何金華;倪曉武;;基于軌跡圖像噴嘴液滴粒徑和速度測量系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建[J];煙草科技;2014年02期

8 ;[J];;年期

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前2條

1 沈瑋瑋;原油乳化液高效破乳技術(shù)的相關(guān)機理與特性研究[D];北京石油化工學院;2015年

2 柴震;連鑄二冷區(qū)氣液內(nèi)混式噴嘴霧化特性的數(shù)值模擬及堵塞分析[D];安徽工業(yè)大學;2014年

，

本文編號：1446392