本文關(guān)鍵詞： 堵漏 礦渣 水化機(jī)理 固化 激發(fā)劑　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海相地層地質(zhì)情況復(fù)雜,存在斷層發(fā)育、地層破碎嚴(yán)重、壓力窗口窄等特點(diǎn)。在鉆完井過程中,當(dāng)鉆井液和水泥漿的密度大、黏度高時(shí),時(shí)常發(fā)生井漏。目前堵漏劑種類較為單一,存在橋塞堵漏劑與漏層不匹配、高失水堵漏劑穩(wěn)定性差、化學(xué)堵漏劑昂貴和膨脹時(shí)間難控制、水泥漿堵漏與鉆井液相容性差,且存在施工不便等問題。本文旨在開發(fā)一種適用于裂縫發(fā)育地層高效堵漏技術(shù),探尋堵漏液水化與硬化機(jī)理,為其工程應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)奠定理論基礎(chǔ),主要從以下幾方面進(jìn)行研究:(1)固化劑選用冶金工業(yè)廢料�；郀t礦渣,利用其潛在凝膠特性實(shí)現(xiàn)堵漏液的硬化。礦渣組分、結(jié)構(gòu)是研究水化反應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ),綜合運(yùn)用X射線衍射、核磁共振、高清透射電鏡、光電子能譜等分析手段,對(duì)其組分與結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析表征。研究表明:礦渣組分是以非晶相為主,夾雜著一定量的微晶,同時(shí)含有少量CaO、SiO2及各種硅鋁酸鹽晶體的混合物;礦渣中的Si主要以硅氧四面體的形式存在,在空間結(jié)構(gòu)上以正硅酸、焦硅酸為主及少量的架狀結(jié)構(gòu)形式存在;一部分Al以四配位的形式存在,一部分Al以五配位的形式存在,更多的Al以六配位的形式存在;O大部分以橋氧形式存在,少部分O以非橋氧的形式存在。(2)堵漏液的流變性直接影響其在漏層中流動(dòng)阻力,本文通過測(cè)試基漿流動(dòng)性與組分對(duì)流變參數(shù)影響,研究激發(fā)劑對(duì)流變性的作用機(jī)理。研究表明:漿體中固相粒子的濃度、膨潤(rùn)土加量、高分子材料加量改變,可導(dǎo)致漿體流動(dòng)性能變化,依據(jù)其影響特征可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)漿體的流變性調(diào)節(jié)。(3)堵漏成功的關(guān)鍵是形成一個(gè)段塞,有效阻止井內(nèi)壓力向裂縫尖端傳遞。礦渣材料的硬化需要堿金屬化合物的激發(fā),由于不同堿性介質(zhì)對(duì)礦渣材料的激發(fā)效能不同,須通過水化硬化機(jī)理研究;弄清礦渣材料礦物組分、結(jié)構(gòu)與激發(fā)劑之間的物理化學(xué)作用特性,評(píng)價(jià)出影響因素和反應(yīng)特征,才能為固化體應(yīng)用性能設(shè)計(jì)提供技術(shù)途徑與理論指導(dǎo)依據(jù)。研究表明:Na2SiO3·9H2O、NaOH、Na2CO3激發(fā)效果由高到低;堿激發(fā)礦渣本質(zhì)是使一部分焦硅酸的Si-O鍵斷裂,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎杷?礦渣中[SiO4]4-聚合度越低的結(jié)構(gòu)比例越多,固化體強(qiáng)度越高;Na2CO3、Na2SiO3·9H2O由于水解產(chǎn)生的OH-濃度較低,除使Si-O鍵斷裂,還會(huì)使聚合度增加;養(yǎng)護(hù)溫度升高,堿激發(fā)礦渣水化產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu),未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的變化。(4)使用單一堿性化合物對(duì)礦渣進(jìn)行激發(fā)時(shí),存在低溫條件下激發(fā)效果不好、固化體早期強(qiáng)度低的問題。依托水化反應(yīng)熱力學(xué)特征討論了激發(fā)劑對(duì)硬化體水化特性的影響,以確定激發(fā)劑復(fù)配原則。研究結(jié)果表明:要實(shí)現(xiàn)堵漏液體系在3℃養(yǎng)護(hù)強(qiáng)度較好發(fā)展,激發(fā)劑中OH-濃度在整個(gè)反應(yīng)過程中維持在一定水平,且當(dāng)激發(fā)劑可提供[SiO4]4-時(shí),激發(fā)效果更好。(5)礦渣固化體高溫養(yǎng)護(hù)容易開裂,阻礙了其作為結(jié)構(gòu)材料的廣泛應(yīng)用性。為研究礦渣固化體的結(jié)構(gòu)和受力,借助Micro-CT無損檢測(cè)等手段,深入探討礦物組分微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、水化反應(yīng)過程、水化產(chǎn)物微觀結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)固化體開裂原因進(jìn)行了分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):礦渣水化產(chǎn)物中易開裂的礦物組分和交變熱應(yīng)力可誘導(dǎo)固化體產(chǎn)生微裂縫;在漿體配制過程中引入的空氣,促使了裂縫進(jìn)一步的延伸。(6)為使該體系適應(yīng)不同井深的需要,研究了不同密度堵漏液強(qiáng)度發(fā)展規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:采用三種激發(fā)劑復(fù)配的方式進(jìn)行激發(fā),可使低密度體系在低溫條件下有較好的早期強(qiáng)度;體系中膠凝相含量較高、溫度較高時(shí),采用單一激發(fā)劑進(jìn)行激發(fā)效果較好。(7)研究成果在川東北重慶氣礦等嚴(yán)重漏失井中成功進(jìn)行了工業(yè)試驗(yàn),提高了堵漏效能、減少了作業(yè)次數(shù)、節(jié)約了鉆井液與水泥漿消耗量,降低了堵漏作業(yè)成本,形成了一項(xiàng)堵漏新技術(shù)。礦渣作為建材輔料主要用于生產(chǎn)建筑用高強(qiáng)特殊水泥,配制低水化熱大壩水泥防止硬化開裂,對(duì)廢棄鉆井液進(jìn)行地面固化處理,但都屬于低溫應(yīng)用環(huán)境。國(guó)內(nèi)外在上世紀(jì)九十年代曾嘗試過MTC固井技術(shù),但由于1.3g/cm3體系強(qiáng)度不足、高溫養(yǎng)護(hù)固化體容易開裂、難以替代水泥材料,導(dǎo)致該新技術(shù)“曇花一現(xiàn)”。本文研究?jī)?nèi)容將為礦渣材料自凝結(jié)、鉆井液凝結(jié)、環(huán)空泥餅和頂替竄槽混合物一體化凝結(jié)技術(shù)的研發(fā),展現(xiàn)出廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:The marine strata in complex geological conditions, there are serious faults, strata broken, narrow pressure window. In the drilling process, the drilling fluid and cement slurry density, high viscosity, often well leakage. At present the plugging agent type is relatively single, existing bridge plug plugging agent and leakage layer does not match the high water loss plugging agent has poor stability, chemical plugging agent is expensive and difficult to control the time of expansion, cement slurry and drilling fluid compatibility is poor, and there is construction inconvenience and other issues. This paper aims to develop a high efficient plugging technology for strata cracks, explore the plugging fluid hydration and hardening mechanism, lay a theoretical foundation for its application in engineering design. The main study from the following aspects: (1) the curing agent adopts metallurgical industrial waste granulated blast furnace slag, hardening of the plugging fluid by its potential. The gel properties of slag component, the structure is the base of hydration Further, the integrated use of X ray diffraction, NMR, HD TEM, XPS analysis method, analysis and characterization. The composition and structure of research shows that the slag component is in amorphous phase, with a certain amount of ceramics, also contains a small amount of CaO, a mixture of SiO2 and various siliconaluminatecrystal the slag; Si mainly exists in the form of silicon oxygen tetrahedron, the space structure of the Tetraethyl silicate mainly exists, coke and a small amount of frame structure form; a part of the Al in four coordinated, part of the Al in five coordinated, more Al in the form of six coordination; most of the O in bridge oxygen form a small part of O exists in the form of non bridging oxygen. (2) the rheology of plugging fluid directly influences the flow in the drain layer resistance, the influence on the rheological parameters through the test of slurry fluidity and convection of activator group. The mechanism of degeneration. The study shows that the concentration of solid particles in the slurry, bentonite dosage, polymer dosage changes can lead to changes of slurry flow properties, on the basis of the impact characteristics can be realized on the rheology of slurry regulation. (3) the key to success is to form a sealing plug. Effectively prevent well pressure transfer to the crack tip. The hardening slag material to stimulate alkali metal compounds, because of different alkaline medium on activated slag material performance required by the different hydration mechanism of slag material; clarify mineral composition, physical and chemical properties between structure and activator, evaluation factors and reaction the characteristics, in order to provide technical basis and theoretical guidance for the design approach of solidified body application performance. The study shows that Na2SiO3, 9H2O, NaOH, Na2CO3 excitation effect from high to low; alkali activated slag is a part of disilicate The rupture of the Si-O bond into silicate, [SiO4]4- polymerization degree is low and the more proportion of slag, the strength of the solidified body is higher; Na2CO3, Na2SiO3 and 9H2O due to the concentration of OH- from hydrolysis is relatively low, except that Si-O bond rupture, will make the increase of the degree of polymerization; the higher curing temperature, the structure of alkali activated slag hydration the product, without obvious change. (4) using a single alkali compound excitation of slag, low temperature under the condition of excitation effect is not good, the early strength of the solidified body. Based on the hydration thermodynamics characteristics discussed the effects of activator on the hydration properties of the hardened body, to determine the principles of compound activator. The results show that: to achieve better development system of plugging liquid at 3 DEG C curing strength, OH- concentration of activator in the whole reaction process maintained at a certain level, and when the activator can provide [SiO4]4-, stimulate the better. (5) solid slag Body temperature maintenance is easy to crack, has hindered its wide application as structural material. As the structure of the slag solidified body and stress, with the help of Micro-CT nondestructive testing methods, in-depth study of mineral composition microstructure, hydration process, hydration products on the microstructure, cracking of solidified body were analyzed. The study found: slag hydration products and easy cracking of mineral components and alternating thermal stress can induce the solidified body to produce micro cracks; introduced in the slurry preparation process in the air, the crack further extended. (6) to enable the system to meet the needs of different depth, studied different density the liquid leakage intensity. The results showed that: the three kinds of compound activator to stimulate, the low density system has higher early strength under low temperature conditions; high cementitious content system, when the temperature is high, with a single excitation Agent for better results. (7) research in Northeast Sichuan gas mine of Chongqing and other serious leakage wells successfully conducted industrial test, improve the plugging efficiency, reduce operation times, save the drilling fluid and cement slurry consumption, reduce the cost of plugging, the formation of a new technology of slag plugging. As the building materials mainly used for the production of special cement building with high strength, low heat of hydration of cement mixed dam to prevent the hardening of surface cracking, solidification of the waste drilling fluid, but belongs to the low temperature application environment at home and abroad. In 90s have tried MTC cementing techniques, but because the 1.3g/cm3 system of insufficient strength, high temperature curing solidified body is easy to crack it is difficult to replace, cement materials, leading to the new technology. The research content of this paper will flower briefly as the broad-leaved epiphyllum "for slag material self condensation, condensation of drilling fluid, annulus mud cake and replace channeling mixture The research and development of the body condensation technology shows a broad application prospect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE52

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