發(fā)布時間：2018-01-19 19:01

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 松遼盆地 海侵事件 熱模擬實驗 礦物組合 頁巖油 氣體吸附　出處：《中國科學院廣州地球化學研究所》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：頁巖氣已逐漸成為全球非常規(guī)資源勘探與開發(fā)的熱點之一,然而頁巖油的研究仍處于起步階段。頁巖油屬于源儲一體的原地成藏油,其形成機制、演化、富集及古環(huán)境條件等領(lǐng)域是重要的研究內(nèi)容。本論文以松遼盆地青山口組(K2qn)和嫩江組(K2n)泥頁巖(樣品來自鉆井和剖面)為對象;通過有機地球化學、封閉體系的熱模擬、礦物組分及氣體吸附等手段,研究了兩套烴源巖的形成環(huán)境、成烴演化機制、泥頁巖的物性特征、頁巖油富集的地質(zhì)條件及頁巖油勘探目標。主要取得以下成果:(1)在松遼盆地晚白堊紀烴源巖中檢測到含量呈周期性變化的C30海相甾烷,表明該沉積時期經(jīng)歷多期次海侵事件:嫩江組一段下部(K2n1)和嫩江組二段下部(K2n2)的C30甾烷含量較高,暗示較大范圍的海侵事件,這也是水體呈現(xiàn)間歇性缺氧及分層的重要原因;青山口組二段下部(K2qn2)存在一次快速且強烈的海侵事件,但是該時期水體分層受外來物質(zhì)輸入、微生物作用及氣候的共同控制;青山口組一段(K2qn1)以相對穩(wěn)定的半深湖到深湖相沉積環(huán)境為特征。海侵事件使得K2n1下部水體鹽度較高,K2n2水體以淡水、半咸水到咸水環(huán)境為主,而K2qn2時期水體鹽度介于上述兩段之間。(2)通過黃金管封閉體系,建立兩套重要烴源巖的生烴演化模型,得到頁巖油氣富集及演化階段:當Easy%Ro低于0.68%時,屬于無效或者低效生油階段;當Easy%Ro介于0.68~1.18%時,屬于油主要生成階段,而且1.18~1.76%范圍內(nèi)輕質(zhì)油較為豐富;當Easy%Ro介于1.18~2.25%時,代表主要的濕氣或者凝析油階段;當Easy%Ro超過2.25%時,熱裂解產(chǎn)物以干氣為主。因此,得知K2qn烴源巖已進入晚期生油,而K2n仍處在早期到中期生油階段,在適當?shù)呐艧N范圍內(nèi),松遼盆地泥頁巖具有一定的頁巖油潛力;對于輕烴而言,K2qn泥頁巖已經(jīng)進入其生成的早期到晚期之間,具有一定的開發(fā)潛能,而K2qn泥頁巖輕烴生成還處于早期階段,不利于輕質(zhì)油的勘探開發(fā)。在生油窗范圍內(nèi),K2qn和K2n兩套泥頁巖中干酪根熱解殘渣碳同位素及瀝青質(zhì)碳同位素隨著成熟度增加逐漸變重,且這些碳同位素值之間具有很好的相關(guān)性;基于頁巖油自生自儲的特征,因此可以利用干酪根和瀝青質(zhì)的碳同位素來判識頁巖油的演化及富集。(3)分析本文的研究對象,青山口組一段和嫩江組一、二段的下部為最好的烴源巖,青山口組二段下部次之,青山口組一段上部和嫩江組一段上部泥巖有機質(zhì)豐度較差;青山口組一段、青山口組二段下部和嫩江組一、二段的下部泥頁巖有機質(zhì)類型以I/II型為主,嫩江組一段上部以III型為主;青山口組一段泥頁巖成熟度較高,滯留油中烴類含量較高,是非常規(guī)資源勘探與開發(fā)的主要靶區(qū)。(4)K2qn和K2n兩套泥頁巖的粘土礦物組合形式存在差異;K2qn泥頁巖中含有大量的伊利石及有序的伊/蒙混層,而K2n泥頁巖以豐富的蒙脫石或者無序的伊/蒙混層為主,但是兩者粘土礦物平均含量均介于40~50%之間。松遼盆地泥頁巖中脆性礦物含量較高,尤其含有豐富的石英,滿足工業(yè)壓裂。(5)殘留油(S1)與吸附油(SP)的差值法是判斷泥頁巖中是否存在可動頁巖油的重要方法。S1-SP、含油飽和度及產(chǎn)油率三個參數(shù)共同顯示,當H14井深超過2065m時,K2qn1泥頁巖富含可動頁巖油,且這些泥頁巖連續(xù)分布,具有一定工業(yè)價值。這些結(jié)果建議松遼盆地青山口組一段泥頁巖具有一定的頁巖油潛力。(6)松遼盆地泥頁巖及其干酪根的氮氣氣體吸附/脫附實驗顯示:比表面積:嫩江組泥頁巖及夾層干酪根青山口組泥頁巖;孔體積:干酪根嫩江組泥頁巖及夾層青山口組泥頁巖;平均孔徑:干酪根青山口組泥頁巖嫩江組泥頁巖及夾層。(7)K2qn1泥頁巖中不同納米孔隙中有機質(zhì)含量及其組成受排烴效率的控制,具體表現(xiàn)為:微孔、介孔及大孔分別與TOC或殘留烴(重質(zhì)烷烴和芳烴)呈現(xiàn)不相關(guān)、負相關(guān)及正相關(guān)的關(guān)系;排烴過程主要反映介孔中殘留有機質(zhì)的釋放。目前大多數(shù)松遼盆地泥頁巖處于或早于生油高峰,在一定的成熟度范圍內(nèi)生成的烴類物質(zhì)抑制孔結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)育;伊/蒙混層對松遼盆地泥頁巖比表面積的發(fā)育具有貢獻。
[Abstract]:Shale gas has gradually become one of the hot global unconventional resource exploration and development of shale oil, however, is still in its infancy. Oil shale belongs to one of the in situ source reservoir reservoir oil and its formation mechanism, evolution, enrichment and palaeoenvironmental conditions and other fields is an important research content. The castle of Songliao basin port group (K2qn) and Nenjiang group (K2n) (shale samples from drilling and profile) as the object; through the organic geochemistry, thermal simulation of closed system, mineral components and gas adsorption means, the formation environment of two sets of source rock, hydrocarbon formation mechanism, physical characteristics of mud the geological conditions of shale, shale oil accumulation and shale oil exploration target. Main research results are as follows: (1) in the Songliao Basin in the late Cretaceous source rocks in the detected content with the periodic variation of the marine C30 steranes, shows that the deposition period experienced many times of transgression Nenjiang: group A (K2n1) and the lower part of the lower Nenjiang group of two (K2n2) of C30 sterane is higher, suggesting a larger range of transgression, which is also an important reason for water hypoxia and intermittent stratification; Qingshankou Formation in the lower part of the two member (K2qn2) has a rapid and strong transgression. But the period of stratified by external inputs, jointly control the microorganisms and the climate; the first section of Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) to the relative stability of the semi deep lake to deep lacustrine environment features. Transgressive events make K2n1 lower water high salinity, K2n2 water to freshwater, brackish to saline environment, and K2qn2 period of water salinity between the two sections. (2) closed system through the gold tube, hydrocarbon generation and evolution model of two sets of important hydrocarbon source rocks, shale oil and gas enrichment and get evolution stages: when the Easy%Ro is lower than 0.68%, which belongs to the invalid or inefficient students The oil phase; when the Easy%Ro is 0.68~1.18%, which belongs to the main oil generating stage, and the range of 1.18~1.76% light oil is rich; when Easy%Ro is 1.18~2.25%, represent the main moisture or condensate phase; when Easy%Ro is more than 2.25% pyrolysis products to dry gas as the main. Therefore, K2qn that the source rock has entered advanced oil, while K2n was still in the early to mid stage of hydrocarbon generation, expulsion in the appropriate range, Songliao Basin shale has a certain potential for shale oil; light hydrocarbon, K2qn shale has entered the early to late stage, has certain development potential, and light hydrocarbon generating shale K2qn in the early stages of exploration and development, is not conducive to the light oil in the oil window. Within the range of K2qn and K2n two sets of shale kerogen pyrolysis residue carbon isotope and asphaltene carbon isotope with maturity increased gradually, and the Have a good correlation between the carbon isotope values; shale oil reservoir based on self characteristics, so we can use the carbon isotope of kerogen and asphalt to determine the evolution of knowledge and enrichment of shale oil. (3) analysis of the object of study, a group of a group of Qingshankou and Nenjiang, two lower segment as the best source rock of Qingshankou formation, the lower part of the two member of Qingshankou Formation in the upper part and the upper part of Nenjiang formation mudstone organic matter abundance is poor; 1 of Qingshankou Qingshankou formation, a group of two lower and lower Nenjiang shale organic type two segment dominated by I/II Nenjiang, a group of the top section is mainly of III type; the first section of Qingshankou Formation shale high maturity, high retention hydrocarbon content in oil, is the main target of the exploration and development of unconventional resources. (4) the clay mineral assemblage form of K2qn and K2n two sets of shale are different; K2qn in mud shale Contains a large number of ordered illite and illite / smectite mixed layer, while the K2n shale dominated by smectite rich or disordered illite / smectite mixed layer, but the average contents of the clay minerals are between 40~50%. High brittle mineral content of shale in Songliao Basin, especially rich in quartz, meet industrial fracturing. (5) residual oil (S1) and oil adsorption (SP) difference method is an important method to judge whether there is a.S1-SP in shale oil shale, oil saturation and oil production rate of three common parameters showed that when 2065m is greater than H14 deep wells, K2qn1 shale rich movable shale oil, shale and the continuous distribution of a certain industrial value. These results suggest that Qingshankou Formation of Songliao basin has a certain potential for shale oil shale. (6) nitrogen gas adsorption / shale in Songliao Basin and its kerogen desorption experiments showed that the specific surface area of Nenjiang Shale and laminated shale kerogen in Qingshankou formation; pore volume: Nenjiang formation shale and kerogen interlayer Qingshankou mudstone and shale; the average pore size: kerogen shale Qingshankou group Nenjiang shale and laminated. (7) the content of organic matter in different pores in mud shale and K2qn1 control of hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency, specific performance: microporous, mesoporous and macroporous respectively with TOC or residual hydrocarbon (heavy alkanes and aromatics) showed no correlation, negative correlation and positive correlation; hydrocarbon expulsion process mainly reflects the release of residual organic matter in mesopores. At present, most of the shale in Songliao basin or early in the peak of oil generation, inhibition of pore structure development of hydrocarbon generation in a certain maturity range; illite / smectite mixed layer of Songliao Basin shale surface area development has contributed.

【學位授予單位】：中國科學院廣州地球化學研究所
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13
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本文編號：1445168