本文關(guān)鍵詞： 循環(huán)水 過濾技術(shù) 油含量　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來原油產(chǎn)地發(fā)生變化,硫含量上升,而煉油廠原有的裝置不能滿足高含硫原油的加工需求,致使冷換設(shè)備腐蝕加劇、泄漏頻繁,循環(huán)水質(zhì)惡化。但往往泄漏源因生產(chǎn)需求無法及時(shí)切除,這就使得循環(huán)水需要在水質(zhì)被污染的情況下持續(xù)運(yùn)行,而面對(duì)現(xiàn)有循環(huán)水裝置一對(duì)多的格局下,惡化的水質(zhì)又會(huì)加劇其他用戶冷換設(shè)備的腐蝕、結(jié)垢,影響冷換設(shè)備的運(yùn)行。甚至?xí)霈F(xiàn)多種物料泄漏相互反應(yīng)而產(chǎn)生安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的情況,這使循環(huán)水裝置的查漏、日常運(yùn)行和安全保供變得更加困難。循環(huán)水裝置原有的查漏方式、水質(zhì)處理方法已無法滿足現(xiàn)階段的水質(zhì)處理需求。循環(huán)水旁濾是去除循環(huán)水中濁度的主要設(shè)備,但普通的石英砂過濾器在遇到大量油污的狀況下,無法正常運(yùn)行,濾料被污染后出現(xiàn)板結(jié)失效,被迫更換濾料,影響正常生產(chǎn)。長(zhǎng)期以來循環(huán)水裝置出現(xiàn)油含量嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)后的固定做法就是停運(yùn)循環(huán)水濾池,排水置換,待油含量下降后才能投用濾池,降低濁度。但該方式在現(xiàn)有循環(huán)水持續(xù)受污染,排污不暢的情況下,無法實(shí)現(xiàn),過濾設(shè)施形同虛設(shè)。目前循環(huán)水裝置共有3類過濾設(shè)備,分別是快濾池、高效流砂過濾器及重力式無閥濾池,但此三類過濾設(shè)施無法對(duì)高含油循環(huán)水進(jìn)行過濾處理。耐油污過濾技術(shù)的應(yīng)用研究是解決現(xiàn)階段循環(huán)水質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵。過濾技術(shù)要實(shí)現(xiàn)耐油污其最終需要解決的是濾料的板結(jié)問題。全自動(dòng)過濾設(shè)施其外觀及工作原理與重力式無閥濾池基本相同,但在功能方面增加了以蒸汽為動(dòng)力的濾層拌熱裝置。當(dāng)濾料含有板結(jié)時(shí),通過拌熱裝置使濾層松動(dòng),反洗時(shí)可帶走濾層上部污物及含油污物,從而解決濾料板結(jié)問題。車間結(jié)合全自動(dòng)過濾設(shè)施的運(yùn)行原理,對(duì)重力式無閥濾池進(jìn)行改造,改造后的蒸汽攪拌型無閥濾池,同樣具有良好的耐油污性能。高效流砂過濾器雖然在風(fēng)線擴(kuò)改、最佳處理量的確認(rèn)、濾料更換以及操作調(diào)整后過濾效果得到了大幅度的提升,但在耐油污方面仍不具備處理能力,因此在后期的改造過程中被全自動(dòng)過濾設(shè)施替代。淺層砂濾器因其反洗為壓力式反洗,反洗強(qiáng)度高,交錯(cuò)排列的磨菇頭能將砂層完全形成懸浮床,使濾砂在旋流水的作用下分層上下翻騰,就像人用手揉搓濾砂一樣,將油和砂、粘泥等都揉搓開,不會(huì)形成板結(jié)的特性被應(yīng)用于循環(huán)水裝置。其處理效果好,自動(dòng)化程度高,便于管理得到了崗位操作人員的認(rèn)可。改造后的蒸汽攪拌型無閥過濾器、全自動(dòng)過濾設(shè)施以及淺層砂濾器都能在油含量超標(biāo)的情況下正常使用,成為真正意義上的耐油污過濾設(shè)施,有效的解決了循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)面臨的窘境。同時(shí)由于對(duì)循環(huán)水質(zhì)惡化處理方式的改變,有效的降低了循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)的排污量,達(dá)到了節(jié)能節(jié)水的目的。耐油污過濾技術(shù)的應(yīng)用研究從根本上解決了因高含硫原油加劇設(shè)備腐蝕給循環(huán)水帶來的水質(zhì)困擾,2015年1-9月循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)的水質(zhì)合格率已提升至92.61%。
[Abstract]:In recent years the source of crude oil changes, sulfur content increased, while the original refinery equipment can not meet the processing requirements of high sulfur crude oil, resulting in heat exchanger corrosion, leakage cycle frequently, the deterioration of water quality. But often the source of leakage due to production requirements can not be removed, which makes the circulating water needs to be in the case of water quality pollution run continuously, and the face of the existing water circulation device of multi pattern, deteriorating water quality can aggravate corrosion, other users of heat exchange equipment fouling, effect of cooling equipment operation. Even there will be a variety of material leakage interaction caused safety risk, the circulating water device leak, daily operation and safe supply becomes more difficult. The original leak water circulating device, water treatment method has been unable to meet the demand for water treatment at the present stage. The circulating water filter is to remove the turbidity of water circulation The main equipment, but ordinary quartz sand filter in heavy oil encountered under the condition of not normal operation, filter contaminated after compaction failure, was forced to replace the filter, affect the normal production. Long circulating water device of oil content after serious exceed the standard method is fixed do outage of circulating water filter, water replacement, oil the content decreased after be put into use filter, reduce turbidity. But in the existing continuous circulating water pollution, poor sewage situation, can not be achieved, filtration facilities useless. The circulating water device has 3 types of filtering equipment, which are rapid filter, efficient flow sand filter and gravity valveless filter. But the three kinds of filtering facilities not for high oil circulating water filtration process. Application of anti oil filtering technology is the key to solve the present stage. The circulating water filtration technology to achieve the ultimate need of oil resistant To solve the compaction problem. Automatic filter filtration facilities and its appearance and working principle of gravity valveless filter is basically the same, but increased by steam power filter device in hot mix function. When the filter material containing harden, through the hot mix device so that the filter layer is loose, the upper part of the filter layer can take away the dirt the dirt and oil filter backwashing, so as to solve the compaction problem. Combined with the operation principle of the automatic filtering workshop facilities, the gravity valveless filter transformation, after the transformation of the steam mixing type valveless filter, also has good oil resistant performance. High flow sand filter while wind line expansion, confirm the best handling capacity the filter material replacement and the operation adjustment after the filtering effect has been greatly improved, but in the dirt still not have the ability to deal with, so in the process of transformation in late was automatic shallow sand filtration facilities instead. Because of the filter backwash pressure type backwashing, backwashing intensity is high, the staggered mushroom head can be fully formed in suspension bed sand, the sand filtering in stratified swirling flow under the action of up and down like a human hand rub the sand, oil sand and mud, etc. are not rub, form the compaction characteristics are applied to water circulation device. The treatment effect is good, high degree of automation, convenient management by the operator's approval. After the transformation of the mixing type steam valve filters, automatic filtration facilities and shallow sand filter can be used normally in oil content exceed the standard conditions. A true sense of the oil resistant filtration facilities, effectively solves the dilemma facing the circulating water system. At the same time, due to the deterioration of water circulation processing mode change, effectively reduce the emissions of circulating water system, energy saving water. Too resistant to oil The application of filtration technology fundamentally solves the water quality problems caused by the high sulfur crude oil and equipment corrosion, which brings the water quality to the circulating water. In 2015 1-9, the water quality qualification rate of the circulating water system has increased to 92.61%..

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE685.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 汪申,田松柏;含硫原油腐蝕評(píng)價(jià)研究的進(jìn)展[J];煉油設(shè)計(jì);2000年07期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 何緒蕾;流砂過濾器應(yīng)用研究[D];中國(guó)石油大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號(hào)：1443679