本文關(guān)鍵詞：油基鉆井液中乳狀液及有機土分散體系的穩(wěn)定性　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 油基鉆井液 油包水乳液 有機土 流變性能

【摘要】：油基鉆井液主要組成包括礦物油、鹽水以及適量的乳化劑、潤濕劑、有機土以及加重劑等處理劑。相比于水基泥漿,油包水乳化鉆井液的抑制性和耐溫能力更強,在復(fù)雜地層中鉆井可以消除阻卡,能更有效的保護(hù)油氣層,減少井下事故發(fā)生。而且體系性能比較穩(wěn)定,很少需要維護(hù)處理,從而在水敏井、超深井或地?zé)峋@井中廣泛應(yīng)用。油基鉆井液為熱力學(xué)不穩(wěn)定體系,所添加的各種處理劑都會對其穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生影響,并且還存在有機土在油相中增粘提切性能較差等問題。本文依據(jù)以上背景,較為系統(tǒng)的研究了乳化劑、潤濕劑和有機土等處理劑對油包水乳液穩(wěn)定性的影響規(guī)律。還通過原位改性海泡石有效增粘白油,且高溫對改性海泡石/白油體系流變性能影響較小。測定了乳化劑、潤濕劑、提切劑等添加劑對有機土/白油分散體系流變性能的影響,并得到有機土增稠白油的方法。本文所論述內(nèi)容主要分為以下兩個部分:1、油基鉆井液處理劑對乳液穩(wěn)定性的影響通過紅外光譜等表征手段分析了四種乳化劑結(jié)構(gòu)中的主要官能團,并使用界面張力儀測得乳化劑-3、乳化劑-4相比乳化劑-1、乳化劑-2降低油水界面張力的能力較強;偏光顯微鏡可以觀察到油包水乳液的微觀形貌,發(fā)現(xiàn)將含有脂肪酸及烷基磺酸的衍生物表面活性劑作為主乳化劑,酰胺基和羥基的表面活性劑作為輔乳化劑,二者復(fù)配使用,形成的界面膜更致密,降低油水界面張力能力更強,制備的鹽水滴粒徑更小,體系更穩(wěn)定;通過動態(tài)界面流變測得潤濕劑同樣可以在油水界面吸附,但制備的乳液抗溫性能較差;通過激光共聚焦顯微鏡觀察到有機土顆粒能夠在油水界面吸附,協(xié)助乳化劑增強界面膜強度,有利于提升乳狀液體系的穩(wěn)定性。2、油基鉆井液處理劑對有機土/白油體系流變性能影響通過熱重分析及HAAKE流變分析了有機土物理化學(xué)性能,發(fā)現(xiàn)改性劑含量較高的有機土,增強體系粘度的效果較好;利用季銨鹽對無機纖維海泡石在白油中進(jìn)行原位改性,相比于商業(yè)有機土不僅增粘提切效果好,而且所增稠的白油流變性能受溫度的影響較小;通過HAAKE流變儀對含有不同處理劑的有機土分散體系進(jìn)行表征,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)乳化劑、潤濕劑、提切劑等表面活性劑也可吸附于有機土固相顆粒表面,影響顆粒的親疏水性以及顆粒之間的相互作用,從而對體系流變性能產(chǎn)生影響。支鏈結(jié)構(gòu)的表面活性劑能有效降低有機土/白油體系的粘度,如:乳化劑-1、乳化劑-3、聚異丁烯內(nèi)酯等,潤濕劑在有機土分散體系中具有增粘作用,同時添加潤濕劑與提切劑可以更有效提高體系的粘度。
[Abstract]:Oil-base drilling fluid mainly consists of mineral oil, brine and proper amount of emulsifier, wetting agent, organic soil and weighting agent, etc. Compared with cement slurry, oil based drilling fluid is composed of mineral oil, salt water and suitable emulsifier, wetting agent, organic soil and weighting agent. The oil-in-water emulsified drilling fluid has stronger inhibition and temperature resistance. Drilling in complex formations can eliminate the blocking, protect oil and gas layers more effectively, reduce downhole accidents, and the system performance is relatively stable. There is little need for maintenance treatment, so it is widely used in water sensitive wells, ultra-deep wells or geothermal wells. The oil-base drilling fluid is a thermodynamically unstable system, and all kinds of additives will affect its stability. And there are still some problems such as poor viscosity and shear properties of organic soil in oil phase. Based on the above background, the emulsifier is studied systematically in this paper. The effect of wetting agent and organic soil treatment agent on the stability of oil-in-water emulsion was studied. The in-situ modification of sepiolite was also used to effectively increase the viscosity of white oil. The rheological properties of modified sepiolite / white oil system were not affected by high temperature. The effects of emulsifier, wetting agent, slashing agent and other additives on rheological properties of organic soil / white oil dispersion system were determined. The method of thickening white oil in organic soil is obtained. The content of this paper is divided into two parts: 1. Influence of oil based drilling fluid treatment agent on emulsion stability the main functional groups in four emulsifiers were analyzed by means of infrared spectroscopy and emulsifier 3 was measured by interfacial tension meter. Compared with emulsifier-1, emulsifier-4 has stronger ability to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. The micromorphology of water-in-oil emulsion was observed by polarizing microscope. It was found that the surfactant containing fatty acid and alkyl sulfonic acid was used as the main emulsifier and the surfactant containing amide group and hydroxyl group as co-emulsifier. The interfacial film formed is denser, the interfacial tension of oil and water is reduced more, the diameter of salt and water droplets is smaller and the system is more stable. It was found that the wetting agent could also be adsorbed at the oil-water interface by dynamic interfacial rheology, but the prepared emulsion had poor temperature resistance. It was observed by laser confocal microscope that the organic soil particles could adsorb at the oil-water interface, which helped the emulsifier to enhance the strength of the interfacial film and to improve the stability of the emulsion liquid system. 2. Effect of oil based drilling fluid treatment agent on rheological properties of organic soil / white oil system the physical and chemical properties of organic soil were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and HAAKE rheology. It was found that organic soil with high content of modifier was found to be organic soil. The effect of enhancing the viscosity of the system is better; The in-situ modification of inorganic fiber sepiolite in white oil by quaternary ammonium salt is better than that of commercial organic soil, and the rheological property of thickened white oil is less affected by temperature. HAAKE rheometer was used to characterize the organic soil dispersion system with different treatment agents. It can be found that surfactants such as emulsifier, wetting agent and slashing agent can also be adsorbed on the solid particle surface of organic soil. The viscosity of organic soil / white oil system can be effectively reduced by the surfactant with branched chain structure, such as emulsifier 1, which affects the hydrophobicity of particles and the interaction between particles. Emulsifier-3 polyisobutene lactone and wetting agent can increase the viscosity of the system by adding wetting agent and cutting agent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE254

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