本文關(guān)鍵詞：日本石油儲(chǔ)備體系研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 日本 石油儲(chǔ)備體系 儲(chǔ)備模式 管理體制 能源安全

【摘要】：石油儲(chǔ)備在一國(guó)的能源安全體系中占據(jù)基礎(chǔ)性地位。日本目前是世界第四大原油消費(fèi)國(guó)和進(jìn)口國(guó),在20世紀(jì)70年代兩次石油危機(jī)后,為保障本國(guó)的石油供應(yīng)安全,日本建立了龐大的石油儲(chǔ)備,經(jīng)過歷年的強(qiáng)化與完善,現(xiàn)已基本形成了一套完備的石油儲(chǔ)備體系。截止2016年底,日本的石油儲(chǔ)備規(guī)模達(dá)到8144萬(wàn)千升,即可以保證國(guó)內(nèi)218天的供應(yīng)量。日本憑借著強(qiáng)大的石油儲(chǔ)備能力在國(guó)際油價(jià)劇烈波動(dòng)及本國(guó)發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害等情況下可以通過釋放石油儲(chǔ)備保障石油的正常供應(yīng),也確保了日本經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。中國(guó)于21世紀(jì)初開始重視石油儲(chǔ)備的建立,從國(guó)際比較來(lái)看,中國(guó)是石油儲(chǔ)備建設(shè)起步較晚的國(guó)家。21世紀(jì)以來(lái)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,激發(fā)了對(duì)能源的大量需求,石油對(duì)外依存度不斷攀升。2016年9月,中國(guó)超越美國(guó)成為世界第一大原油進(jìn)口國(guó)。在石油儲(chǔ)備建設(shè)方面,目前已建成8個(gè)國(guó)家石油儲(chǔ)備基地,共儲(chǔ)油約達(dá)三千萬(wàn)噸。但目前我國(guó)仍不具備完善的石油儲(chǔ)備體系,石油儲(chǔ)備方面的成文法遲遲未出臺(tái),儲(chǔ)備管理體制不健全。近些年國(guó)際石油市場(chǎng)頻繁變動(dòng),國(guó)際社會(huì)也時(shí)有動(dòng)亂發(fā)生,石油更多地被當(dāng)作一種能源武器在世界各國(guó)的往來(lái)中博弈。因此,在國(guó)際石油供給面臨諸多不確定的背景下,盡快建立完備的石油儲(chǔ)備體系迫在眉睫。研究日本的石油儲(chǔ)備體系旨在為中國(guó)石油儲(chǔ)備體系的完善提供有益的啟示與借鑒。本文首先從石油儲(chǔ)備的一般理論基礎(chǔ)出發(fā),站在國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際兩個(gè)視角闡述了日本石油儲(chǔ)備建立的背景,進(jìn)一步將日本石油儲(chǔ)備的發(fā)展劃分為五個(gè)不同的階段,對(duì)每個(gè)階段石油儲(chǔ)備建立的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要敘述,并根據(jù)目前日本石油儲(chǔ)備的現(xiàn)狀分析其石油儲(chǔ)備的特點(diǎn)。其次,重點(diǎn)從儲(chǔ)備模式和管理體制等方面分析日本石油儲(chǔ)備體系的構(gòu)成。最后指出日本石油儲(chǔ)備的成效及存在的問題,并為我國(guó)建立完善的石油儲(chǔ)備體系提供經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:Oil reserves play a fundamental role in a country's energy security system. Japan is currently the world's 4th largest consumer and importer of crude oil after two oil crises in 1970s. In order to ensure the safety of its oil supply, Japan has established a huge oil reserve, after years of strengthening and improving, has basically formed a complete petroleum reserve system. Until end of 2016. Japan has eighty-one million four hundred and forty-one thousand litres of oil reserves. Japan, by virtue of its strong reserve capacity, can guarantee the normal supply of oil through the release of oil reserves under the circumstances of severe fluctuations in international oil prices and natural disasters in the country. Should. In 21th century, China began to attach importance to the establishment of oil reserves, from the point of view of international comparison. China is a country where the construction of petroleum reserves started late. The rapid development of Chinese economy since the 21st century has stimulated a great deal of demand for energy and the degree of dependence on foreign oil has been rising. September 2016. China has overtaken the United States to become the world's largest importer of crude oil. The total oil storage is about 30 million tons, but at present our country still does not have the perfect petroleum reserve system, the statutory law of the petroleum reserve has not been issued, the reserve management system is not perfect, and the international oil market has changed frequently in recent years. The international community is also in turmoil from time to time, oil is more used as an energy weapon in the world in the exchange game, therefore, in the international oil supply is facing a lot of uncertainty in the background. It is urgent to establish a complete petroleum reserve system as soon as possible. The purpose of studying Japanese petroleum reserve system is to provide useful inspiration and reference for the perfection of China's petroleum reserve system. Firstly, this paper starts with the general theoretical basis of oil reserve. Let's go. From the perspective of domestic and international, this paper expounds the background of the establishment of Japan's petroleum reserve, and further divides the development of Japan's oil reserve into five different stages. This paper briefly describes the concrete contents of establishing petroleum reserve in each stage, and analyzes the characteristics of oil reserve in Japan according to the present situation of oil reserve in Japan. The paper mainly analyzes the composition of Japan's petroleum reserve system from the aspects of reserve mode and management system, and finally points out the effectiveness and existing problems of Japan's petroleum reserve. And provides the experience and lesson for our country to establish the perfect petroleum reserve system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F416.22

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