本文關(guān)鍵詞：煅燒爐冷卻水套三維傳熱特性的數(shù)值模擬與結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化研究　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 冷卻水套 傳熱特性 數(shù)值模擬 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化

【摘要】：炭素行業(yè)中高溫煅后焦在冷卻水套內(nèi)的冷卻過(guò)程是石油焦煅燒工藝中很關(guān)鍵的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),然而現(xiàn)今行業(yè)內(nèi)普遍使用的夾套式冷卻水套對(duì)高溫煅后焦的冷卻效果較差。一方面高溫物料內(nèi)部熱量不易及時(shí)導(dǎo)出,冷卻后焦料溫度依然較高,易發(fā)生氧化,對(duì)石油焦顆粒的質(zhì)量及后續(xù)工藝產(chǎn)生較大不利影響;另一方面中空夾套內(nèi)的冷卻水流速過(guò)小且分布不均,存在漩渦區(qū),易發(fā)生汽化,影響水套的傳熱,因此研究水套內(nèi)的傳熱特性以改善其換熱性能迫在眉睫。本文首先使用GAMBIT軟件建立了罐式煅燒爐冷卻水套的幾何模型,并對(duì)建立的模型劃分網(wǎng)格,采用FLUENT軟件,分別選用Mixture模型和多孔介質(zhì)模型對(duì)高溫焦料側(cè)進(jìn)行模擬計(jì)算,通過(guò)數(shù)值計(jì)算與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的對(duì)比驗(yàn)證了模型的準(zhǔn)確性,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果表明這兩種模型可準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)物料側(cè)的溫度場(chǎng)進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算。其次,對(duì)單罐產(chǎn)量為80kg/h的煅燒爐冷卻水套進(jìn)行了傳熱特性分析,得到了冷卻水側(cè)的速度場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng)、物料側(cè)的溫度場(chǎng)以及冷卻水、焦料的出套溫度等重要參數(shù)的演變規(guī)律,以焦料出口溫度和冷卻效率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),分析了夾套式水套的換熱弊端。在此基礎(chǔ)上,改變冷卻水流量并進(jìn)行計(jì)算,由結(jié)果可知,冷卻水流量增大為原來(lái)的2倍時(shí),焦料出口平均溫度僅降低1.33K,說(shuō)明增加冷卻水入口流量并不能提高水套冷卻效率。同時(shí)分析了焦料流量和空隙率對(duì)水套換熱性能的影響,結(jié)果表明:在焦料流量從40kg/h增大到130kg/h時(shí),焦料出口平均溫度及最高溫度出現(xiàn)單調(diào)增加的趨勢(shì),且增長(zhǎng)斜率逐漸變小,焦料出口平均溫度由552K增加到777.89K;隨著焦料空隙率的增加,焦料出口平均溫度及最高溫度有所減小,但變化幅度不大。最后,基于水側(cè)和焦料側(cè)的傳熱分析,提出了水套的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方案,并進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化后傳熱性能的數(shù)值計(jì)算研究。在冷卻水側(cè)分別布置了螺旋導(dǎo)流板和豎直導(dǎo)流板,研究結(jié)果表明:在相同的入口流量下,優(yōu)化后冷卻水流速大幅提高,水套內(nèi)水流流動(dòng)順暢,尤其是螺旋導(dǎo)流板方案不存在漩渦區(qū)和局部高溫區(qū),流場(chǎng)和溫度場(chǎng)分布更加均勻,不易發(fā)生汽化,即使在入口水速較小的情況下發(fā)生汽化,產(chǎn)生的水蒸氣也能順著流道及時(shí)排出,但水側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化后中心區(qū)域焦料溫度基本沒(méi)有變化。因此本文提出了在焦料側(cè)采用布置內(nèi)換熱管束的優(yōu)化措施,首先計(jì)算分析了焦料內(nèi)部布置單根換熱管時(shí)的傳熱性能,結(jié)果表明,加入單根換熱管后,水套傳熱性能得到了極大改善,與優(yōu)化前相比焦料出口平均溫度降低了 103.59K,水套冷卻效率提高了 19.58%;而且隨著換熱管高度的增加,焦料出口平均溫度單調(diào)降低且降低的斜率基本保持不變;基于內(nèi)置單根換熱管水套,研究了內(nèi)換熱管入口水速在0.08～0.4m/s之間變化時(shí)水套傳熱的變化,在計(jì)算流速范圍內(nèi),出口焦料的平均溫度僅降低0.77K,表明水速的增加并未顯著提高水套的冷卻能力。最后通過(guò)焦料的溫度場(chǎng)和溫度分布曲線確定了內(nèi)換熱管束的優(yōu)化布置方案,與優(yōu)化前相比,按照優(yōu)化布置方案布置七根換熱管束,焦料出口平均溫度由721.95K降低至428.06K,出口溫度不均勻系數(shù)由0.24降低至0.135,水套冷卻效率由55.51%提高至 86.35%。本文結(jié)論為煅燒爐冷卻水套的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化指明了方向,為下一步的工程應(yīng)用奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Carbon industry in high temperature calcined coke in the cooling water jacket in the cooling process is calcined petroleum coke is a key link in the process, however, the widespread use of the current industry jacket cooling water on the cooling effect of poor high temperature calcined coke. A heat of high-temperature material inside can not be easily timely export, after cooling coke the material temperature is still high, prone to oxidation, have a greater adverse effect on the quality and the subsequent process of petroleum coke particles; on the other hand, the cooling water jacket of the hollow speed is too small and uneven distribution, existence of vortex, easy vaporization, heat transfer effect of the water jacket, the heat transfer characteristics of water jacket in order to improve its the heat transfer performance is imminent. This thesis firstly uses the GAMBIT software to establish the geometric model of tank type calcining furnace cooling water jacket, and the establishment of the model grid, using FLUENT software, we select Mixture model and porous media Quality model is used to simulate the high temperature coke material side, by comparing the numerical and experimental results verify the accuracy of the model, the results show that the two models can be calculated accurately on the material side of the temperature field. Secondly, on the analysis of heat transfer characteristics of single tank production furnace cooling water jacket 80kg/h. The velocity field, the cooling water side temperature field, temperature field and material side of the cooling water, coke material out important parameters of temperature evolution in coke outlet temperature and the cooling efficiency as the evaluation index, analyzes the drawbacks in the jacketed hot water jacket. On this basis, the change of cooling water the flow is calculated, the result shows that the cooling water flow rate increases to 2 times of the original, coke outlet average temperature decreases only 1.33K, indicating that the increase of cooling water flow entrance does not improve efficiency. At the same time the analysis of jacket cooling coke material The flow and the influence of porosity on the heat transfer performance of the water jacket, the results showed that: in the coke material flow increased from 40kg/h to 130kg/h, the coke outlet average temperature and maximum temperature monotonically increasing trend, and the growth of the slope becomes smaller, the coke outlet average temperature increased from 552K to 777.89K with increasing porosity of coke materials; the coke outlet average temperature and maximum temperature decreased, but little change. Finally, the water side heat transfer analysis and coke material side based on the proposed structure optimization scheme of water jacket, and the numerical heat transfer performance optimization calculation. The spiral plate and vertical plates are respectively arranged in the cooling the side of the water, the results show that: in the entrance flow under the same water flow rate increase after optimization of cooling water jacket, smooth flow, especially there is no vortex and local high temperature zone spiral plate, flow field and temperature Temperature field distribution is more uniform, not easy to vaporize, vaporization occurs even at the entrance velocity of water is small, water vapor generated along the channel can be discharged, but the water side after the optimization of the structure of regional center focal material temperature changes a little. So this paper put forward the optimization measures were adopted in the focal material side arrangement of heat exchanger the bundle, first calculate the heat transfer performance of coke, material arranged inside the single heat exchange tube when the analysis results show that the addition of single tube heat exchanger, the heat transfer performance of the water jacket has been greatly improved, compared with before the optimization of coke outlet average temperature decreased 103.59K, water cooling efficiency is improved by 19.58%; and with the heat pipe height the increase of the slope material coke average exit temperature decreases monotonically with the decreasing basically unchanged; the built-in single heat exchange tube jacket based on the heat exchanger in the entrance velocity of water between 0.08 ~ 0.4m/s change when water jacket The change of heat transfer, in the calculation of velocity range, the average temperature of coke export material only decreased 0.77K, shows that with the increase of water velocity did not significantly increase the cooling capacity of water jacket. The coke material temperature field and temperature distribution curve was determined in the heat exchanger optimization layout scheme optimization, compared with before, in accordance with the layout optimization the arrangement of seven heat transfer tubes, coke outlet average temperature is decreased from 721.95K to 428.06K, the non-uniform exit temperature coefficient decreased from 0.24 to 0.135, water cooling efficiency increased from 55.51% to 86.35%. the conclusion of this paper for cooling water jacket calciner structure optimization direction, laid the theoretical foundation for the engineering application of the next step.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE626.87

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