【摘要】：高速城市化的過程伴隨著大規(guī)模的住宅建設(shè),如何設(shè)計和建造出經(jīng)濟、舒適、美觀,同時又節(jié)能、節(jié)地、節(jié)材的居住區(qū),不僅是建筑師所共同追求的一個目標(biāo),更是迫切而重要的民生問題。數(shù)字技術(shù)進入建筑設(shè)計領(lǐng)域已有半個世紀(jì),能夠真正從方案設(shè)計的角度來輔助建筑創(chuàng)作的數(shù)字技術(shù)少之又少,此層面的研究國內(nèi)外均處于初級探索階段。 本研究采用了國際上最新和最熱門的人工智能輔助設(shè)計方法,設(shè)計-評價-再設(shè)計的智能型專家設(shè)計系統(tǒng),并以行列式布局的單元式集合住宅組團為例,進行方案設(shè)計。 首先,研究以居住單元位置與環(huán)境品質(zhì)的影響因素之間的關(guān)系為出發(fā)點,入戶調(diào)查取得的居民對環(huán)境喜好的特點和分類為組團布局優(yōu)劣判定的數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),用面向?qū)ο蟮腃++編程語言,多代理系統(tǒng)和生成式計算方法,隨機型不完全的算法來模擬組團的布局設(shè)計,建立組團布局的數(shù)學(xué)模型和相關(guān)約束條件,編譯出了一套組團平面自動化布局軟件,實現(xiàn)了數(shù)字化模擬“人腦,,的布局設(shè)計過程。研究結(jié)果顯示：該軟件對于各類單元式組團自動化布局是可行、可控、可視的,布局過程是由下至上、逐漸收斂,生成的布局是相對較優(yōu)的布局,總體滿意度較高。 其次,利用該軟件,對布局設(shè)計的外部環(huán)境參數(shù)：容積率、地塊比例、單元大小和比例,居民喜好分類以及組團類型參數(shù)做了大量的不同數(shù)值下的數(shù)字化布局分析。研究結(jié)果顯示：a.在以多層、中高層和高層組團為例的布局設(shè)計中,數(shù)字化評價指標(biāo)一總體滿意度與各類型參數(shù)的數(shù)值之間的關(guān)系;b.為提高總體滿意度,不同類型組團應(yīng)采取的設(shè)計策略。 最后,對用人工方法設(shè)計完成的組團布局實際案例,用數(shù)字化方法重新設(shè)計,在相同規(guī)劃和評價條件下,比較分析兩種方法設(shè)計出的布局的特點和優(yōu)劣,研究結(jié)果顯示：a.數(shù)字方法生成的布局的總體滿度高于人工方法；b.在中心綠地布局、單元拼接方式、住宅樓與道路關(guān)系方面的設(shè)計策略。 總之,論文中嘗試提出的組團平面自動化布局的數(shù)字技術(shù)足一種真正意義上的計算機輔助建筑設(shè)計的新方法,體現(xiàn)了“以居住者為本”的設(shè)計宗旨,符合創(chuàng)建“節(jié)約型社會的基本國策,是人工智能技術(shù)在居住區(qū)布局設(shè)計領(lǐng)域的全新嘗試。
[Abstract]:The process of high-speed urbanization is accompanied by large-scale housing construction, how to design and build economic, comfortable, beautiful, energy saving, land saving, and material saving residential areas, is not only a common goal pursued by architects. It is an urgent and important issue of people's livelihood. Digital technology has been in the field of architectural design for half a century, and few digital technologies can assist architectural creation from the angle of project design. The research on this level is in the primary stage of exploration at home and abroad. In this study, the latest and most popular artificial intelligence aided design method is adopted in the world, and the intelligent expert design system of design-evaluation-re-design is adopted, and the project design is carried out with the example of the group of unit houses with determinant layout. First of all, based on the relationship between the location of residential units and the factors affecting environmental quality, the characteristics and classification of residents' environmental preferences obtained from the household survey are regarded as the data standards for judging the quality of group layout. Using object-oriented C programming language, multi-agent system and generative calculation method, random incomplete algorithm to simulate the group layout design, set up the mathematical model of group layout and related constraints. In this paper, a set of automatic layout software is compiled, and the layout design process of "human brain," is realized. The results show that the software is feasible, controllable, visual, and the layout process is from bottom to top, gradually converges, the generated layout is relatively optimal and the overall satisfaction is high. Secondly, the digital layout analysis of the external environmental parameters of the layout design, such as plot ratio, unit size and proportion, the classification of residents' preferences and the parameters of group type, is carried out by using the software. The results show that: A. In the layout design of multi-layer, middle and high level groups, the relationship between the total satisfaction of digital evaluation index and the value of various types of parameters is discussed. In order to improve overall satisfaction, different types of groups should adopt design strategies. Finally, the actual case of group layout designed by manual method is redesigned by digital method. Under the same planning and evaluation conditions, the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared and analyzed. The results show as follows: a The total fullness of the layout generated by the digital method is higher than that of the manual method. The design strategy of central green space layout, unit splicing, residential building and road relationship. In a word, the digital technology of automatic layout of group plane proposed in this paper is a real new method of computer-aided architectural design, which embodies the design tenet of "habitation-oriented". In line with the basic national policy of creating a "conservation-oriented society", artificial intelligence technology is a new attempt in the field of residential layout design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU984.12

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