本文選題：建筑表皮 + 認(rèn)知途徑　； 參考：《江南大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：建筑的認(rèn)知模式和審美觀念在當(dāng)代已發(fā)生很大變化。建筑設(shè)計正從求得一個固定的功能空間和美的形式轉(zhuǎn)向公共領(lǐng)域環(huán)境活力和體驗(yàn)多樣性的開發(fā)。為此，建筑表皮借助理念、材料、技術(shù)的突破發(fā)展出許多新的體驗(yàn)價值與認(rèn)知屬性。它不但在應(yīng)對氣候、環(huán)境、能源問題方面發(fā)揮重要作用，而且還是當(dāng)代社會最為活躍的景觀元素之一。表皮已成為建筑學(xué)前沿探索的重要內(nèi)容�！耙曈X文化”氛圍、“景象社會”背景以及高度發(fā)達(dá)的建造技術(shù)使表皮成為當(dāng)代設(shè)計師完善建筑功能和把握建筑形態(tài)的有力抓手，前提是正確把握其認(rèn)知與設(shè)計的內(nèi)在規(guī)律。本文運(yùn)用演繹論證、實(shí)驗(yàn)分析和多學(xué)科交叉的方法，針對現(xiàn)代建筑表皮的認(rèn)知途徑和建構(gòu)方法展開系統(tǒng)研究。 借助于生物表皮特征的相關(guān)性分析，，將現(xiàn)代建筑表皮的基本職能歸納為“相對獨(dú)立的表層構(gòu)造”、“綜合性的功能界面”和“表現(xiàn)性的視覺界面”。利用認(rèn)知心理學(xué)、設(shè)計符號學(xué)理論建立建筑表皮的符號系統(tǒng)，闡明符號系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成要素和傳達(dá)機(jī)制。結(jié)合眼動實(shí)驗(yàn)，利用建筑現(xiàn)象學(xué)理論推導(dǎo)出“直觀表象”、“建筑樣式”、“場所文脈”、“社會景觀”四條建筑表皮的認(rèn)知途徑，闡明各條途徑的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)。結(jié)合認(rèn)知途徑分析，提出了“營造與技術(shù)”建構(gòu)、“視覺與文化”建構(gòu)兩種表皮建構(gòu)方法。 將建筑類型學(xué)理論導(dǎo)入對表皮樣式營造策略的思考。探明建筑表皮的原型和分類原則，建立其分類網(wǎng)架，提取“面罩”、“顯露”、“復(fù)合”三種表皮類型。確定表皮類型的“轉(zhuǎn)換”模式，提出基于“類型演化”、“類型并置”、“類型穿插”、“類型合成”四種轉(zhuǎn)換模式的營造策略。闡明“表皮元素技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型”對整體建構(gòu)的影響，確立“墻的分解”、“柱的變形”、“立面開口的演化”、“頂面的重構(gòu)”四種表皮構(gòu)造的轉(zhuǎn)型模式。歸納出“適宜技術(shù)”、“高技術(shù)”、“生態(tài)技術(shù)”的建構(gòu)策略。 在“視覺與文化”層面提出“構(gòu)成文法”、“材料表現(xiàn)”、“圖形演繹”三條建構(gòu)策略。提出“點(diǎn)的變異、組合、聚散”、“線的張力、穿插、流動”、“面的轉(zhuǎn)折、起伏、組合、疊加”和“摺疊”的構(gòu)成手法。針對天然材料、燒土制品、近代材料、現(xiàn)代新型材料提出“返璞歸真”、“形色變幻”、“自由塑形”、“詩意建構(gòu)”四種材料建構(gòu)方法。分析表皮界面的圖形要素，確立“符號象征”、“表面裝飾”、“肌理圖案”、“動態(tài)圖像”四種表現(xiàn)手法。 本文通過認(rèn)知途徑和建構(gòu)方法的研究深化了對現(xiàn)代建筑表皮設(shè)計理念和表現(xiàn)策略的系統(tǒng)思考。通過“營造與技術(shù)”層面和“視覺與文化”層面的建構(gòu)，建筑表皮可及時轉(zhuǎn)化與整合來自技術(shù)、藝術(shù)、文化、傳播、社會服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新成果，針對復(fù)雜、多元的認(rèn)知訴求，積極改善單調(diào)、貧乏、混亂和缺乏歸屬感的建筑面貌，有效提升城市環(huán)境的品質(zhì)和公共空間的活力。
[Abstract]:The cognitive mode and aesthetic concept of architecture have changed greatly in the present age. Architectural design is changing from a fixed functional space and a beautiful form to the development of environmental vitality and experience diversity in the public domain. Therefore, the architectural epidermis develops many new experience values and cognitive attributes with the breakthrough of idea, material and technology. It not only plays an important role in dealing with climate, environment and energy problems, but also is one of the most active landscape elements in contemporary society. Epidermis has become an important part of architectural frontier exploration. The "visual culture" atmosphere, the "scene society" background and the highly developed construction technology make the epidermis become the powerful grasp hand of the contemporary designer to perfect the architectural function and grasp the architectural form, the premise is to correctly grasp the inherent law of its cognition and design. Based on deductive demonstration, experimental analysis and interdisciplinary method, this paper makes a systematic study on the cognitive approach and construction method of modern architectural epidermis. With the help of the correlation analysis of biological epidermis features, the basic functions of modern architectural epidermis are classified as "relatively independent surface structure", "comprehensive functional interface" and "expressive visual interface". By means of cognitive psychology, the theory of design semiotics is used to establish the symbolic system of architectural epidermis, and to clarify the constituent elements and communication mechanism of symbolic system. Combined with eye movement experiment, this paper deduces the cognitive approaches of four architectural epidermis, namely "visual representation", "architectural style", "place context" and "social landscape", using the theory of architectural phenomenology, and clarifies the cognitive characteristics of each way. Based on the analysis of cognitive approaches, this paper puts forward two kinds of epidermal construction methods: construction and technology construction and visual and cultural construction. The theory of architectural typology is introduced into the strategy of building epidermis style. The archetype and classification principle of building epidermis are studied, and the classification network is established, and three types of epidermis are extracted, such as "mask", "exposure" and "compound". The transformation pattern of epidermal type is determined, and the construction strategies based on "type evolution", "type juxtaposition", "type intercalation" and "type composition" are put forward. This paper expounds the influence of "technological transformation of epidermal elements" on the whole construction, and establishes four transition modes of "wall decomposition", "deformation of columns", "evolution of facade openings" and "reconstruction of top surface". The construction strategies of "appropriate technology", "high technology" and "ecological technology" are summarized. At the level of "vision and culture", this paper puts forward three construction strategies of "constitution grammar", "material representation" and "figure deduction". This paper puts forward the construction techniques of "variation, combination, accumulation and dispersion of points", "tension of lines, intercalation, flow", "turning point, undulation, combination, superposition" and "folding". Aiming at natural materials, burning earth products, modern materials and modern new materials, four construction methods of materials are put forward, such as "returning to nature", "changing form and color", "free shaping" and "poetic construction". This paper analyzes the graphic elements of the epidermis interface, and establishes four expressive techniques: symbolic symbol, surface decoration, texture pattern and dynamic image. Through the research of cognitive approach and construction method, this paper deepens the systematic thinking about the concept and expression strategy of modern architectural epidermis design. Through the construction of "construction and technology" and "vision and culture", architectural epidermis can be transformed and integrated in time from the fields of technology, art, culture, communication, social service and so on, aiming at the complex and diverse cognitive demands. Actively improve the monotonous, poor, chaotic and lack of sense of belonging of the architectural appearance, effectively improve the quality of the urban environment and public space vitality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU201

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