本文選題：正交異性 + 壓電復(fù)合材料�。� 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：用于聲／電轉(zhuǎn)換的超聲相控陣驅(qū)動(dòng)器是超聲相控陣檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵組成部分之一,通過(guò)延時(shí)控制,超聲相控陣驅(qū)動(dòng)器具有自動(dòng)聚焦和偏轉(zhuǎn)的能力,可以對(duì)被測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行多方位快速掃描。由于相控陣驅(qū)動(dòng)器直接產(chǎn)生超聲波,因此它的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及性能直接影響超聲相控陣檢測(cè)的性能和成像質(zhì)量。針對(duì)復(fù)雜工程結(jié)構(gòu)損傷特性及現(xiàn)有超聲相控陣檢測(cè)技術(shù)中驅(qū)動(dòng)器存在的不足,在壓電正交異性機(jī)理研究基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)理論分析、數(shù)值仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證研究了伸縮型壓電正交異性纖維復(fù)合材料(Orthotropic piezoelectric fibe composite, OPFC)元件及相應(yīng)的用于金屬結(jié)構(gòu)和混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)損傷檢測(cè)的OPFC超聲相控線(xiàn)陣換能器,拓展了復(fù)雜工程結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)損檢測(cè)新技術(shù),為超聲相控檢測(cè)技術(shù)提供了理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)。 基于力-電耦合理論,構(gòu)造了伸縮型振動(dòng)的壓電正交異性纖維復(fù)合材料(OPFC)元件,系統(tǒng)地分析了各相材料特性、結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸對(duì)OPFC驅(qū)動(dòng)元件性能的影響規(guī)律,并對(duì)其驅(qū)動(dòng)性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試分析。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有的超聲相控陣換能器應(yīng)用中單一PZT陣元力/電參數(shù)可設(shè)計(jì)性不足等原因,設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的用于金屬結(jié)構(gòu)和混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)損傷檢測(cè)的OPFC超聲相控線(xiàn)陣換能器,突顯出其驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓低,有效地抵制了柵瓣對(duì)有效信號(hào)的干擾；結(jié)合聲場(chǎng)指向性分析,采用有限元法對(duì)金屬中聚焦聲場(chǎng)分布分析,研究不同參數(shù)變化時(shí)聚焦點(diǎn)處總位移的變化,得出最佳相控陣陣元間距、陣元寬度、陣元數(shù)等參數(shù)。 研究了用于金屬結(jié)構(gòu)和混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)損傷檢測(cè)的OPFC驅(qū)動(dòng)器的制備方法,對(duì)自行研制的叉指式OPFC元件進(jìn)行了性能測(cè)試,并與常規(guī)PZT元件性能進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,得出用于金屬結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)的叉指型OPFC具有低聲阻抗和高機(jī)電耦合系數(shù),而用于混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)的OPFC超聲驅(qū)動(dòng)器的得靈敏度和帶寬比傳統(tǒng)換能器分別提高了3.9dB和27.21%。 為有效克服材料阻尼對(duì)超聲波傳播過(guò)程的衰減,基于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列(FPGA)的高集成度、高運(yùn)行速度和可編程的特性,研制了16通道的相控延時(shí)和可控強(qiáng)度聚焦偏轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)射/接收裝置,實(shí)現(xiàn)了任意波形信號(hào)的直接數(shù)字合成,對(duì)OPFC超聲相控驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)損傷檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,取得了預(yù)期的效果。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明與現(xiàn)有超聲相控陣驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)相比,其驅(qū)動(dòng)聚焦能量、檢測(cè)靈敏度都能得到提高,檢測(cè)范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,驗(yàn)證了將OPFC超聲相控線(xiàn)陣驅(qū)動(dòng)/傳感器用于結(jié)構(gòu)損傷檢測(cè)的可行性。
[Abstract]:Ultrasonic phased array driver for acoustic / electrical conversion is one of the key components of ultrasonic phased array detection system. By time-delay control, ultrasonic phased array driver has the ability of automatic focusing and deflection. The structure under test can be scanned quickly in multiple directions. Because phased array driver produces ultrasonic wave directly, its structure and performance directly affect the performance and imaging quality of ultrasonic phased array detection. In view of the damage characteristics of complex engineering structures and the shortage of actuators in the existing ultrasonic phased array detection technology, based on the research of piezoelectric orthotropic mechanism, the theoretical analysis is carried out. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that the stretching piezoelectric orthotropic piezoelectric fibe composite, OPFC) elements and the corresponding OPFC ultrasonic phased array transducers for damage detection of metal structures and concrete structures are studied. The new technology of nondestructive testing for complex engineering structures is extended, which provides theoretical and experimental guidance for ultrasonic phase control testing technology. Based on the mechanical-electric coupling theory, a piezoelectric orthotropic fiber composite material (OPFC) element with telescopic vibration is constructed. The characteristics of each phase material and the influence of the structure size on the performance of the OPFC driving element are systematically analyzed. The driving performance is tested and analyzed. Aiming at the lack of design ability of single PZT element force / electric parameter in the application of ultrasonic phased array transducer, the corresponding OPFC ultrasonic phased array transducer for damage detection of metal structure and concrete structure is designed. It highlights its low driving voltage and effectively resists the interference of the gate lobe to the effective signal. Combining with the analysis of the directivity of sound field, the finite element method is used to analyze the distribution of focused sound field in metal to study the change of the total displacement at the focal point when different parameters change. The optimum parameters, such as the spacing of phased array elements, the width of array elements and the number of elements, are obtained. The preparation method of OPFC driver for damage detection of metal structure and concrete structure is studied. The performance of cross finger OPFC element developed by ourselves is tested and compared with that of conventional PZT element. The cross finger type OPFC used for metal structure detection has low impedance and high electromechanical coupling coefficient, while the sensitivity and bandwidth of OPFC ultrasonic driver for concrete structure detection are improved by 3.9dB and 27.21, respectively. In order to overcome the attenuation of material damping on ultrasonic propagation process, based on the high integration, high running speed and programmable characteristics of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), A 16-channel phase-controlled delay and controllable intensity focusing deflection transmitting / receiving device is developed. The direct digital synthesis of arbitrary waveform signals is realized. The structure damage detection experiment of OPFC ultrasonic phase-controlled drive technology is carried out. The expected results have been achieved. The experimental results show that compared with the existing ultrasonic phased array drive technology, its driving focusing energy and detection sensitivity can be improved, and the detection range is further expanded. The feasibility of applying OPFC ultrasonic phased array drive / sensor to structural damage detection is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU317

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