本文選題：大型地下商場(chǎng) + 火災(zāi)　； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)迅猛發(fā)展的今天，人民物質(zhì)生活水平不斷提高，為了滿足群眾日益增長(zhǎng)的購(gòu)物和消費(fèi)需求，集餐飲、超市、娛樂(lè)、休閑、購(gòu)物于一體的大型購(gòu)物商場(chǎng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。另外，由于大中城市人口的日益密集和空間的日益狹小，地下空間的開(kāi)發(fā)與利用已成為不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢(shì)，為了節(jié)約空間并同時(shí)滿足人們的需求，大型的地下商場(chǎng)將會(huì)越來(lái)越普遍，也將在人們的日常生活中發(fā)揮越來(lái)越重要的作用。 由于大型地下商場(chǎng)大多處于人員密集的大中型城市，而且本身具有空間相對(duì)密閉，人員流動(dòng)頻繁以及儲(chǔ)存物易燃等特性，使得地下商場(chǎng)一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)后，火災(zāi)面積迅速擴(kuò)大，人員疏散較為困難，往往造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和重大的人員傷亡。因此，針對(duì)大型地下商場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn)，分析其火災(zāi)特點(diǎn)和火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性，建立火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估體系，找出商場(chǎng)存在的火災(zāi)隱患，提出相應(yīng)的安全整改措施，，有效預(yù)防火災(zāi)的發(fā)生，減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和人員傷亡，具有十分重要的意義。 論文首先分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的研究現(xiàn)狀，針對(duì)我國(guó)的具體情況，搜集和了解了近年來(lái)一些大型地下商場(chǎng)和地下建筑的火災(zāi)事故案例，分析了事故產(chǎn)生的原因類別，統(tǒng)計(jì)了事故后果的嚴(yán)重程度，為下文的進(jìn)一步火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性分析提供了數(shù)據(jù)和理論指導(dǎo)。 其次論文詳細(xì)介紹了大型地下商場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn)，針對(duì)其特點(diǎn)對(duì)商場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性分析，根據(jù)具體原則，建立了火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估體系，一級(jí)指標(biāo)為整個(gè)大型商場(chǎng)整體，二級(jí)指標(biāo)為別為建筑、電氣、消防、應(yīng)急、安全管理五個(gè)評(píng)估單元，各個(gè)單元下包含著相應(yīng)的三級(jí)指標(biāo)。在論文中，運(yùn)用層次分析法對(duì)體系的二、三級(jí)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了權(quán)重值的計(jì)算，應(yīng)用分級(jí)判分安全評(píng)估方法對(duì)三級(jí)指標(biāo)下的各項(xiàng)要素按照法律法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行打分，最終計(jì)算出大型地下商場(chǎng)火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)。 最后，以北京西單文化廣場(chǎng)為例，運(yùn)用所建立的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估體系和火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的方法對(duì)其進(jìn)行火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估，并在評(píng)估過(guò)程中記錄商場(chǎng)所存在的隱患，提出整改建議，對(duì)其進(jìn)行整改，達(dá)到降低商場(chǎng)火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的目的，使其安全運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the people's material living standard is improving constantly. In order to meet the increasing demand for shopping and consumption of the masses, the large-scale shopping mall, which integrates food and beverage, supermarket, entertainment, leisure and shopping, emerges as the times require. In addition, due to the increasing population density and the increasingly narrow space in large and medium-sized cities, the development and utilization of underground space has become an irreversible trend, in order to save space and meet the needs of people at the same time, Large underground shopping malls will become more and more common and will play a more and more important role in people's daily life. Because large underground shopping malls are mostly located in large and medium-sized cities with dense personnel, and have the characteristics of relatively closed space, frequent movement of people and flammability of storage materials, the fire area of underground shopping malls expands rapidly once a fire occurs. Evacuation is difficult, often resulting in huge economic losses and heavy casualties. Therefore, according to the characteristics of large underground shopping mall, the fire characteristics and fire risk are analyzed, the fire risk assessment system is established, the hidden fire danger is found out, and the corresponding safety rectification measures are put forward to effectively prevent the fire. It is of great significance to reduce economic losses and casualties. Firstly, this paper analyzes the present situation of fire risk assessment at home and abroad, and in view of the concrete situation of our country, collects and understands the fire accident cases of some large underground shopping malls and underground buildings in recent years, and analyzes the cause categories of the accidents. The severity of the accident consequence is counted, which provides the data and theoretical guidance for the further fire hazard analysis below. Secondly, the paper introduces the characteristics of the large-scale underground shopping mall in detail, analyzes the fire risk of the mall according to its characteristics, and establishes the fire risk assessment system according to the specific principles. The first level index is the whole large-scale market. The second grade index is five evaluation units, which are building, electric, fire fighting, emergency management and safety management. Each unit contains the corresponding three-level index. In the paper, AHP is used to calculate the weight value of the second and third grade indexes of the system, and the safety assessment method of grading points is used to score the elements under the three level indexes according to the standards of laws and regulations. Finally, the fire risk grade of large underground market is calculated. Finally, taking Xidan Cultural Plaza in Beijing as an example, the fire risk assessment system and fire risk assessment method are used to evaluate the fire risk, and in the course of assessment, the hidden dangers of the shopping mall are recorded, and suggestions for rectification are put forward. It can reduce the fire risk and make it run safely.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1

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