發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-25 02:14

  本文選題：環(huán)氧樹脂 + 抗凍融性能　； 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在高寒高原地區(qū)，尤其是受自然因素(低溫、晝夜溫差大、干濕循環(huán)、凍融循環(huán)、鹽堿腐蝕和風(fēng)蝕等)變化影響較大的中國東北、西北和華北地區(qū)，基本上100%的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)工程，局部或大面積的都遭受了不同程度的凍融破壞，甚至有些工程在施工過程中或者施工后不久就遭受了嚴(yán)重的凍融破壞，這嚴(yán)重影響了混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的耐久性。因此，采用適當(dāng)?shù)牟牧虾图夹g(shù)對(duì)混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)裂縫進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)來保證其耐久性是非常重要的。 近年來，環(huán)氧樹脂修補(bǔ)材料已成為混凝土裂縫修補(bǔ)的一種不可或缺的材料。但是，環(huán)氧樹脂低的抗沖擊性能、韌性和抗開裂性能限制了其實(shí)際應(yīng)用。本文通過在環(huán)氧樹脂引入一些增強(qiáng)和增韌成分對(duì)環(huán)氧樹脂進(jìn)行改性，以期研制高性能的環(huán)氧樹脂修補(bǔ)材料來應(yīng)對(duì)高寒高原地區(qū)由于風(fēng)蝕和凍融等因素引起混凝土開裂問題。 本文分別以丁腈橡膠、瀝青、糠醛/丙酮和聚氨酯接枝改性的NH2-nano-SiO_2粒子來增韌環(huán)氧樹脂以研制高性能改性環(huán)氧樹脂修補(bǔ)材料。通過配方設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，，對(duì)各種修補(bǔ)材料試樣的基本力學(xué)性能、抗凍融性能、耐水性和耐化學(xué)品特性進(jìn)行了考察和評(píng)價(jià)，最終篩選出性能較優(yōu)的修補(bǔ)材料配方及工藝。 (1)丁腈改性環(huán)氧樹脂/LB-B1體系：當(dāng)LB-B1固化劑、丁腈橡膠、活性稀釋劑和硅灰石填料分別為20phr、10phr、5phr和100phr時(shí)，修補(bǔ)材料的綜合性能最好，而且隨著凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加，其性能隨之增加。 (2)丁腈改性環(huán)氧樹脂/F固化劑體系：當(dāng)E-44環(huán)氧樹脂、F固化劑、丁腈橡膠和KH-550分別為100phr、11phr、5phr、10phr時(shí)，修補(bǔ)材料的綜合性能最優(yōu)。在對(duì)該體系性能最優(yōu)配比修補(bǔ)材料的抗凍融性能、耐水性和耐化學(xué)品性能測試過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，材料的綜合性能隨著凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加都會(huì)慢慢變好。 (3)瀝青改性環(huán)氧樹脂體系。綜合對(duì)該修補(bǔ)材料的拉伸剪切、抗壓、抗凍融、耐水性和耐化學(xué)品特性的分析，找到了該修補(bǔ)材料體系性能較優(yōu)異的配方。當(dāng)環(huán)氧樹脂、改性脂肪胺LB-B1和瀝青分別為100phr、15phr和10phr時(shí)，修補(bǔ)材料的綜合性能較好，并且該體系修補(bǔ)材料的抗凍融性能很好。 (4)糠醛/丙酮改性環(huán)氧樹脂體系。當(dāng)環(huán)氧樹脂、聚酰胺/LB-B1、糠醛/丙酮和KH-550的用量分別為100phr、25/25phr、10/10phr和5phr時(shí)，環(huán)氧樹脂修補(bǔ)材料的綜合性能最好。并且它是一種韌性很好的修補(bǔ)材料，雖然耐酸性略差，不能經(jīng)受長期的凍融循環(huán)條件，但是仍可用于不太苛刻的使用環(huán)境。 (5)聚氨酯/nano-SiO_2改性環(huán)氧樹脂體系。通過正交試驗(yàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證以及對(duì)最優(yōu)性能配比修補(bǔ)材料的增韌分析，得到了改性環(huán)氧樹脂修補(bǔ)材料的最優(yōu)性能配比。當(dāng)環(huán)氧樹脂、F固化劑、PU預(yù)聚體、NH2-nano-SiO_2和KH-550的用量分別為100phr、11phr、10phr、4phr和3phr，修補(bǔ)材料的綜合性能較好。并且最優(yōu)性能配比修補(bǔ)材料的抗壓強(qiáng)度，拉伸剪切強(qiáng)度、拉伸強(qiáng)度、抗彎強(qiáng)度和斷裂伸長率分別可以達(dá)到148.68MPa、23.57MPa、56.08MPa、86.76MPa和36.33%。此外，該修補(bǔ)材料的抗凍融、耐水和耐化學(xué)品性能優(yōu)異。 另外，本文通過室內(nèi)凍融循環(huán)實(shí)驗(yàn)、FT-IR和SEM方法對(duì)增韌和增強(qiáng)劑用量對(duì)經(jīng)受凍融循環(huán)和化學(xué)品侵蝕的環(huán)氧樹脂修補(bǔ)材料結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究，并將各修補(bǔ)材料體系的性能與設(shè)計(jì)要求(拉伸剪切強(qiáng)度、抗壓強(qiáng)度、拉伸強(qiáng)度、拉伸模量、抗彎強(qiáng)度和斷裂伸長率分別超過14MPa、70MPa、40MPa、2500MPa、50MPa和1.5%)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，發(fā)現(xiàn)丁腈改性環(huán)氧樹脂/LB-B1體系和瀝青改性環(huán)氧樹脂體系修補(bǔ)材料的基本力學(xué)性能雖然在早期未能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求，但其固化時(shí)間較短，凍融循環(huán)之后力學(xué)性能增長顯著，最終能達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求；丁腈改性環(huán)氧樹脂/F固化劑體系、糠醛/丙酮改性環(huán)氧樹脂體系和聚氨酯/納米二氧化硅改性環(huán)氧樹脂體系的各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)都能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。在抗凍融性能、耐水和耐化學(xué)品特性方面，除了糠醛/丙酮改性環(huán)氧樹脂體系的抗凍融和耐酸性能略差以外，各體系的抗凍融性能、耐水性和耐化學(xué)品特性都很好，這些研究結(jié)論為修補(bǔ)材料進(jìn)一步的優(yōu)化和高寒高原環(huán)境條件下混凝土裂縫的修補(bǔ)提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:In the high and cold plateau area, especially in the northeast of China, northwest and North China, 100% of the concrete structural engineering, local or large area have been damaged by different degrees of freezing and thawing, and even some projects are in the area of natural factors (low temperature, day and night temperature difference, dry and wet cycle, freezing and thawing cycle, salt alkali corrosion and wind erosion). In the course of construction or shortly after construction, serious freezing and thawing damage has been suffered, which seriously affects the durability of concrete structures. Therefore, it is very important to use appropriate materials and techniques to repair the cracks of concrete structures to ensure their durability.
In recent years, epoxy resin mending materials have become an indispensable material for the repair of concrete cracks. However, the low impact resistance, toughness and cracking resistance of epoxy resin have limited its practical application. In this paper, epoxy resin was modified by introducing some reinforcing and toughening components in epoxy resin, in order to develop high performance. The epoxy resin repair material is used to deal with the cracking of concrete due to wind erosion and freeze-thaw.
High performance epoxy resin mending materials were toughened with nitrile rubber, asphalt, furfural / acetone and polyurethane graft modified NH2-nano-SiO_2 particles. The basic mechanical properties, freezing thawing resistance, water resistance and chemical resistance of all kinds of repair materials were made by formula design and experimental study. After investigation and evaluation, the formula and process of better repair materials were selected.
(1) nitrile modified epoxy resin /LB-B1 system: when LB-B1 curing agent, NBR, active diluent and wollastonite filler are 20phr, 10phr, 5phr and 100phr, the comprehensive performance of the mending material is best, and its performance increases with the increase of the number of freezing and thawing cycles.
(2) the /F curing agent system of NBR modified epoxy resin: when E-44 epoxy resin, F curing agent, NBR and KH-550 are 100phr, 11phr, 5phr, 10phr, the comprehensive properties of the mending materials are best. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the performance will gradually improve.
(3) asphalt modified epoxy resin system. Comprehensive analysis of the tensile shear, compression, freezing and thawing, water resistance and chemical resistance of the mending material found the better formula for the repair material system. When epoxy resin, modified aliphatic amine LB-B1 and asphalt are 100phr, 15phr and 10phr, the comprehensive properties of the repair materials are better. Moreover, the system has good freeze-thaw resistance.
(4) the furfural / acetone modified epoxy resin system. When epoxy resin, polyamide /LB-B1, furfural / acetone and KH-550 are used for 100phr, 25/25phr, 10/10phr and 5phr, the epoxy resin mending material has the best comprehensive performance. And it is a kind of good toughness repair material, although the acid resistance is poor, it can not withstand the long-term freeze-thaw cycle strip. But it can still be used in a less harsh environment.
(5) the polyurethane /nano-SiO_2 modified epoxy resin system. The optimum performance ratio of the modified epoxy resin mending material was obtained by orthogonal test, experimental verification and the toughening analysis of the optimal performance mending material. The dosage of epoxy resin, F curing agent, PU prepolymer, NH2-nano-SiO_2 and KH-550 were 100phr, 11phr, 10phr, 4phr, respectively. And 3phr, the comprehensive properties of the mending materials are better. And the optimum properties can be matched to the compressive strength, tensile shear strength, tensile strength, bending strength and elongation at break, respectively, can reach 148.68MPa, 23.57MPa, 56.08MPa, 86.76MPa and 36.33%., and the resistance to freezing and thawing, water resistance and chemical resistance of the mending material are excellent.
In addition, the effects of toughening and reinforcing agent dosage on the structure and properties of epoxy resin mending materials subjected to freeze-thaw cycle and chemical erosion were studied by FT-IR and SEM methods, and the performance and design of the mending materials system (tensile shear strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, tensile strength, and tensile strength) were also studied. The tensile modulus, flexural strength and elongation at break are more than 14MPa, 70MPa, 40MPa, 2500MPa, 50MPa and 1.5%. The basic mechanical properties of the modified epoxy resin /LB-B1 system and the asphalt modified epoxy resin system repair material are not required at the early stage of full foot design, but the curing time is shorter and the freeze-thaw cycle is after the freezing and thawing cycle. The mechanical properties have increased significantly, and the design requirements can be achieved. The properties of the /F curing agent system of nitrile modified epoxy resin, the furfural / acetone epoxy resin system and the polyurethane / nano silica modified epoxy resin system can meet the design requirements. The frost resistance and acid resistance of the aldehyde / acetone modified epoxy resin system are slightly poor, and the freezing thawing properties, water resistance and chemical resistance of each system are very good. These conclusions provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the further optimization of repair materials and the repair of concrete cracks in the high cold plateau environment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU532;TU581

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本文編號(hào)：1799301